Table 7 Comparison of off-chain/on-chain data access latency (unit: ms).

From: Design of a dynamic trust management and defense decision system for shared vehicle data based on blockchain and deep reinforcement learning

Data type

On-chain query

Off-chain cached query

User Trust Value

230

12

Historical Behavior Records

180

15

Real-time Environmental State

Not Applicable

8

  1. To resolve the conflict between the real-time learning demands of DRL and the latency of blockchain data, the system is designed with a dual-channel data supply mechanism: