Table 3 Intrusion detection of HDLID-ECSOA approach under Edge-IIoT dataset.

From: Leveraging hybrid deep learning with starfish optimization algorithm based secure mechanism for intelligent edge computing in smart cities environment

Classes	\(\:\varvec{A}\varvec{c}\varvec{c}{\varvec{u}}_{\varvec{y}}\)	\(\:\varvec{P}\varvec{r}\varvec{e}{\varvec{c}}_{\varvec{n}}\)	\(\:\varvec{R}\varvec{e}\varvec{c}{\varvec{a}}_{\varvec{l}}\)	\(\:{\varvec{F}}_{\varvec{M}\varvec{e}\varvec{a}\varvec{s}\varvec{u}\varvec{r}\varvec{e}}\)	\(\:{\varvec{A}\varvec{U}\varvec{C}}_{\varvec{S}\varvec{c}\varvec{o}\varvec{r}\varvec{e}}\)	Kappa
TRAPHA (80%)
Normal	99.40	96.13	96.70	96.41	98.17	98.24
DDoS-UDP	99.36	96.32	95.96	96.14	97.82	97.88
DDoS-ICMP	99.32	95.42	96.62	96.01	98.09	98.16
SQL injection	99.32	95.59	96.27	95.93	97.93	98.01
DDoS-TCP	99.48	97.08	96.72	96.90	98.23	98.30
Password	99.19	95.99	94.14	95.06	96.89	96.97
DDoS-HTTP	99.46	96.39	97.04	96.71	98.36	98.42
Uploading	99.34	95.74	96.35	96.05	97.98	98.06
Backdoor	99.34	96.24	95.97	96.10	97.81	97.89
XSS	99.34	96.14	95.77	95.95	97.71	97.77
Ransomware	99.33	95.97	96.00	95.99	97.82	97.88
Fingerpriniting	99.35	96.35	95.79	96.07	97.73	97.81
Average	99.35	96.11	96.11	96.11	97.88	97.95
TESPHA (20%)
Normal	99.36	95.48	97.04	96.25	98.31	98.37
DDoS-UDP	99.39	95.11	97.65	96.36	98.60	98.66
DDoS-ICMP	99.47	95.67	97.43	96.54	98.53	98.61
SQL injection	99.29	94.68	96.77	95.71	98.14	98.19
DDoS-TCP	99.36	96.74	95.43	96.08	97.57	97.63
Password	99.15	96.29	93.61	94.93	96.64	96.70
DDoS-HTTP	99.46	96.72	97.17	96.95	98.43	98.50
Uploading	99.28	96.24	95.31	95.77	97.48	97.54
Backdoor	99.31	96.77	94.40	95.57	97.06	97.13
XSS	99.25	96.48	94.96	95.71	97.31	97.36
Ransomware	99.32	95.36	96.48	95.92	98.03	98.10
Fingerpriniting	99.25	95.83	95.19	95.51	97.41	97.48
Average	99.32	95.95	95.95	95.94	97.79	97.86
TRAPHA (70%)
Normal	98.28	89.81	89.20	89.50	94.15	94.21
DDoS-UDP	98.39	89.72	91.01	90.36	95.03	95.09
DDoS-ICMP	98.62	91.88	92.17	92.03	95.70	95.75
SQL injection	98.39	90.84	89.58	90.21	94.38	94.44
DDoS-TCP	98.52	90.93	91.19	91.06	95.18	95.25
Password	98.37	90.50	90.16	90.33	94.64	94.71
DDoS-HTTP	98.17	88.54	89.59	89.06	94.27	94.34
Uploading	98.17	89.71	87.99	88.84	93.54	93.60
Backdoor	98.63	90.81	92.78	91.79	95.97	96.04
XSS	98.40	90.40	90.31	90.36	94.72	94.78
Ransomware	98.39	91.71	88.65	90.15	93.96	94.04
Fingerpriniting	98.67	91.03	93.19	92.10	96.18	96.25
Average	98.42	90.49	90.49	90.48	94.81	94.88
TESPHA (30%)
Normal	98.23	89.30	90.17	89.74	94.58	94.66
DDoS-UDP	98.32	89.39	90.87	90.13	94.94	95.01
DDoS-ICMP	98.52	89.79	90.67	90.23	94.92	94.98
SQL injection	98.46	91.05	90.85	90.95	95.01	95.07
DDoS-TCP	98.56	91.10	92.00	91.54	95.58	95.66
Password	98.37	91.08	88.58	89.81	93.91	93.98
DDoS-HTTP	98.18	87.98	90.61	89.28	94.74	94.81
Uploading	98.27	91.31	87.80	89.52	93.52	93.59
Backdoor	98.84	92.71	93.82	93.26	96.56	96.64
XSS	98.64	91.92	91.81	91.86	95.54	95.61
Ransomware	98.47	91.85	89.71	90.77	94.49	94.57
Fingerpriniting	98.76	92.36	92.77	92.56	96.04	96.11
Average	98.47	90.82	90.81	90.80	94.99	95.06

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Table 3 Intrusion detection of HDLID-ECSOA approach under Edge-IIoT dataset.

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