Table 2 Discrete kinematic outcomes (mean ± standard deviation).

From: Examining muscle synergy composition and segmental coordination during overground walking in individuals with a rotationplasty about the knee

Outcome

Group

Mean behavior

Variability

Intact

Surgical

Intact

Surgical

Peak swing knee flexion (°)

Total

60.21 ± 6.14

50.77 ± 17.45

2.98 ± 1.21

1.73 ± 0.72*

‘High’

59.86 ± 7.92

62.24 ± 5.54

2.56 ± 1.22

1.93 ± 0.90

‘Low’

60.66 ± 4.06

36.42 ± 16.66

3.52 ± 1.13

1.50 ± 0.42

Time to peak (% of stride)

Total

77.11 ± 4.07

62.77 ± 8.27*

1.79 ± 0.90

3.53 ± 4.00

‘High’

77.74 ± 4.42

68.49 ± 1.97

1.65 ± 0.98

2.08 ± 0.99

‘Low’

76.34 ± 4.07

55.61 ± 7.37

1.97 ± 0.89

5.34 ± 5.79

% Stance

Total

66.99 ± 5.57

58.51 ± 3.44*

4.00 ± 4.00

2.00 ± 1.00

‘High’

67.62 ± 4.96

60.64 ± 1.88

5.06 ± 4.87

1.44 ± 1.00

‘Low’

66.20 ± 6.97

55.85 ± 3.16

3.63 ± 4.09

2.38 ± 1.48

Step length (m)

Total

0.59 ± 0.08

0.60 ± 0.14

0.03 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

‘High’

0.63 ± 0.07

0.65 ± 0.18

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

‘Low’

0.54 ± 0.03

0.53 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.01

Ankle dynamic peak range (degrees)

Total

12.59 ± 2.79

5.78 ± 2.01*

2.16 ± 0.89

1.18 ± 0.45*

‘High’

13.63 ± 2.80

5.85 ± 0.75

2.47 ± 1.01

1.23 ± 0.52

‘Low’

11.29 ± 2.49

5.68 ± 3.16

1.79 ± 0.64

1.11 ± 0.40

Knee dynamic peak range (degrees)

Total

60.21 ± 6.83

44.31 ± 22.43

3.47 ± 1.75

3.00 ± 1.66

‘High’

59.53 ± 6.31

61.07 ± 8.01

2.65 ± 1.61

2.93 ± 1.37

‘Low’

61.05 ± 8.35

23.37 ± 14.26

4.49 ± 1.49

3.09 ± 2.19

Hip dynamic peak range (degrees)

Total

36.57 ± 5.74

28.67 ± 6.00*

2.60 ± 1.11

2.44 ± 0.93

‘High’

34.84 ± 5.63

28.08 ± 6.48

2.02 ± 0.88

1.99 ± 0.75

‘Low’

38.73 ± 5.85

29.40 ± 6.22

3.33 ± 0.99

3.01 ± 0.88

Ascending swing slope

Total

2.35 ± 0.45

1.54 ± 1.28

0.24 ± 0.10

0.26 ± 0.13

‘High’

2.33 ± 0.52

2.50 ± 0.69

0.22 ± 0.10

0.29 ± 0.15

‘Low’

2.38 ± 0.43

0.34 ± 0.51

0.30 ± 0.09

0.23 ± 0.10

Descending swing slope

Total

− 2.69 ± 0.46

–1.43 ± 0.94*

0.23 ± 0.11

0.20 ± 0.10

‘High’

− 2.64 ± 0.35

–2.15 ± 0.40

0.18 ± 0.10

0.23 ± 0.11

‘Low’

− 2.77 ± 0.63

–0.54 ± 0.45

0.30 ± 0.09

0.18 ± 0.08

  1. Total = Total sample (n = 9); ‘high’ = high functioning individuals with knee dynamic peak range > 40° (n = 5);‘low’ = low functioning individuals with knee dynamic peak range < 40° (n = 4). No statistics performed comparing ‘high’ and ‘low’ group sizes.
  2. Ascending = The slope of knee flexion angle from toe-off to peak knee flexion during swing phase; descending = The slope of knee flexion angle from peak knee flexion to peak knee extension prior to heel-strike.
  3. *Indicates the surgically repaired limb is significant different (p < 0.05) from the intact limb.
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