Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Bringing the museum into the hospital to promote cultural wellness in patients undergoing haemodialysis through a virtual reality tour

Fig. 3

Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) of emotional responses measured by the PANAS scale. The Figure displays the effect size for each of the 20 emotions from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) following the VR condition. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d, where values around 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 represent small, medium, and large effects, respectively (shaded regions for reference). Positive emotions (orange dots) are shown on the left and negative emotions (blue dots) on the right, sorted by descending effect size. Colours indicate direction of the effect (yellow = increase; blue = decrease). Asterisks (*) denote statistically significant changes (p < 0.05).

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