Table 1 Differences in blood and salivary nitrate, nitrite, and antioxidant status between the bioactive-infused mouth rinse group and the chlorhexidine mouth rinse group at week one.

From: Functional mouth rinse containing inorganic nitrate and antioxidants bolsters the enterosalivary pathway and lowers blood pressure in Wistar rats

Outcome measure

Bioactive

CHX

Mean ± SEM

Mean ± SEM

Blood nitrate (μM)

17.82 ± 2.23a

0.77 ± 0.42b

Blood nitrite (μM)

0.10 ± 0.02a

0.12 ± 0.024a

Salivary nitrate (μM)

17.63 ± 3.62a

2.18 ± 0.73b

Salivary nitrite (μM)

0.44 ± 0.12a

0.07 ± 0.02b

Serum hydrophilic AC (μM TE)

478.82 ± 29.46a

405.63 ± 9.31b

Serum lipophilic AC (μM TE)

646.84 ± 78.44a

439.56 ± 26.78b

Serum total AC (μM TE)

1125.66 ± 86.55a

845.19 ± 27.47b

Salivary hydrophilic AC (μM TE)

229.66 ± 67.21a

194.92 ± 48.63a

Salivary lipophilic AC (μM TE)

161.99 ± 27.00a

192.51 ± 55.96a

Salivary total AC (μM TE)

391.65 ± 91.59a

348.69 ± 98.08a

Serum oxidative stress (mM MDA)

0.19 ± 0.0008a

0.19 ± 0.004a

Salivary oxidative stress (mM MDA)

0.23 ± 0.003a

0.23 ± 0.004a

  1. *AC : antioxidant capacity; Bioactive = bioactive-infused mouth rinse group; CHX : chlorhexidine mouth rinse group; MDA : malondialdehyde; TE :  Trolox equivalents.
  2. Data presented as mean ± SEM for consistency. Between-group outcomes were assessed at week 1 using independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, dependent upon normality. Within each row, values that do not share a common superscript letter represent significant (p < 0.05) between-group differences at study completion.