Fig. 3

Relationships between (a) soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm and SWC (m3 m− 3) in forest soils, (b) pH and the soil NO3–-N levels in the forest and wetland soils, (c) soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm and soil N2O flux (µg N m− 2 h− 1), and (d) SWC (m3 m− 3) and soil N2O flux (µg N m− 2 h− 1) in the forest and wetland soils. Different colors represent the ecosystem type, and shades represent the 95% confidence intervals.