Table 2 Significant effects of land use, region, age, and sex on concentrations of elements in hair of free-ranging Koalas in Gunnedah shire, Port Macquarie-Hastings council, and Northern rivers region, n = 294 sampled between 2014–2016

From: Effect of land use on the concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals in the hair of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Element

Fitted model

Region

Land use

Age

Sex

Cu

~ Land.use + Age

 

F(3,247)=3.26, p = 0.022

F(3,247)=3.96, p < 0.01

Hg

~ Land.use

F(3,219)=4.22, p < 0.01

As

~ Land.use

F(3,216)=10.10, p < 0.001

Sb

~ Region*Land.use

F(4,212)=7.20, p < 0.001

F(6,212)=7.26, p < 0.001

Al

~ Region*Land.use

F(1,215)=9.87, p < 0.001

F(3,215) = 3.88, p < 0.001

Fe

~ Region*Land.use

F(4,212) = 7.35, p < 0.001

F(6,212) = 4.82, p < 0.001

Ni

~ Region*Land.use

F(4,212) = 4.71, p < 0.01

F(6,212) = 5.73, p < 0.001

Se

~ Region*Land.use

F(4,212) = 4.39, p < 0.01

F(6,212) = 2.79, p = 0.012

Mg

~ Land.use + Age + Sex

F(3,212) = 25.85, p < 0.001

F(3,212) = 5.41, p < 0.01

F(1,212) = 17.01, p < 0.001

Mn

~ Land.use + Age

F(3,213) = 5.86, p < 0.001

F(3,213) = 4.23, p < 0.01

Pb

~ Land.use

F(3,216) = 3.09, p = 0.03

Zn

~ Sex

F(1,218) = 5.86, p = 0.02

  1. The final fitted model for each element are also shown