Fig. 3

Associations between gray matter volume and cold pain tolerance. Group-stratified results are shown for bivariate associations between mean C5 – C7 ventral (A) and dorsal (B) horn gray matter volumes (GMVs) vs. cold pressor test (CPT) submersion time in seconds. (C) Combined boxplot and violin plots are shown for group-stratified distributions of CPT submersion time in seconds. FMO individuals with fibromyalgia taking opioids; FMN individuals with fibromyalgia not taking opioids, CON controls, Rs Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Statistical significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Lines representing the correlation trends that met this threshold are solid and bold.