Table 8 Subgroup analyses for cytokines related to the activation and differentiation of adaptive immune T cells.
Parameter | Subgroup | Variable | Number of studies | WMD or SMD (95% CI) | P value for meta-analysis | I2 value % | P value for heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-2 | Animal species | Mice | 1 | 0.47 (-0.68, 1.62) | 0.424 | NA | NA |
Rats | 3 | -3.38 (-7.49, 0.73) | 0.107 | 93.1 | 0.000 | ||
Animal sex | Male | 3 | -2.17 (-5.52, 1.17) | 0.203 | 92.6 | 0.000 | |
NR | 1 | -2.29 (-3.96, -0.62) | 0.007 | NA | NA | ||
Extract dosage | Low dosage | 3 | -2.17 (-5.52, 1.17) | 0.203 | 92.6 | 0.000 | |
High dosage | 1 | -2.29 (-3.96, -0.62) | 0.007 | NA | NA | ||
Treatment duration | ≤1 month | 3 | -3.37 (-7.50, 0.76) | 0.110 | 93.2 | 0.000 | |
˃1 month | 1 | 0.43 (-0.71, 1.58) | 0.459 | NA | NA | ||
IFN-γ | Animal species | Mice | 1 | -3.01 (-4.93, -1.08) | 0.002 | NA | NA |
Rats | 4 | -1.63 (-2.86, -0.41) | 0.009 | 69.8 | 0.019 | ||
Animal sex | Male | 3 | -1.95 (-2.92, -0.98) | 0.000 | 43.0 | 0.173 | |
Male and female | 1 | -4.26 (-7.04, -1.48) | 0.003 | NA | NA | ||
NR | 1 | -0.20 (-1.45, 1.04) | 0.749 | NA | NA | ||
Extract category | TP | 2 | -1.70 (-2.72, -0.68) | 0.001 | 46.2 | 0.173 | |
TG | 3 | -2.28 (-4.78, 0.22) | 0.074 | 80.6 | 0.006 | ||
Extract dosage | Low dosage | 3 | -2.49 (-4.28, -0.71) | 0.006 | 66.0 | 0.053 | |
High dosage | 2 | -1.25 (-3.27, 0.77) | 0.226 | 82.5 | 0.017 | ||
IL-17 | Animal species | Mice | 2 | -2.96 (-4.18, -1.74) | 0.000 | 0 | 0.832 |
Rats | 3 | -1.91 (-2.83, -0.99) | 0.000 | 64.5 | 0.060 | ||
Animal sex | Male | 4 | -2.14 (-2.89, -1.38) | 0.000 | 37.6 | 0.187 | |
Male and female | 1 | -4.74 (-7.77, -1.72) | 0.002 | NA | NA | ||
Extracts category | TP | 2 | -1.74 (-2.75, -0.73) | 0.001 | 70.2 | 0.067 | |
TG | 3 | -2.91 (-3.99, -1.84) | 0.000 | 0 | 0.426 | ||
Extract dosage | Low dosage | 3 | -2.91 (-3.99, -1.84) | 0.000 | 0 | 0.426 | |
High dosage | 2 | -1.74 (-2.75, -0.73) | 0.001 | 70.2 | 0.067 | ||
Treatment duration | ≤1 month | 4 | -2.24 (-3.07, -1.41) | 0.000 | 59.6 | 0.060 | |
˃1 month | 1 | -2.49 (-4.06, -0.91) | 0.002 | NA | NA | ||
TGF-β | Animal species | Mice | 3 | 1.03 (0.39, 1.67) | 0.001 | 0 | 0.877 |
Rats | 2 | 3.51 (2.49, 4.54) | 0.000 | 0 | 0.339 | ||
Extract category | TP | 4 | 2.18 (0.71, 3.64) | 0.004 | 82.2 | 0.001 | |
TG | 1 | 1.30 (0.04, 2.57) | 0.044 | NA | NA | ||
Extract dosage | Low dosage | 2 | 2.19 (0.43, 3.94) | 0.015 | 72.4 | 0.057 | |
High dosage | 3 | 1.89 (0.13, 3.64) | 0.035 | 84.0 | 0.002 | ||
Treatment duration | ≤1 month | 4 | 2.28 (0.85, 3.72) | 0.002 | 78.3 | 0.003 | |
> 1 month | 1 | 0.98 (0.05, 1.92) | 0.039 | NA | NA |
