Table 2 Binding affinity and binding energy (kcal/mol) of plant derived natural compounds in Carica Papaya leaves against multiple macromolecular targets in diabetes mellitus.

From: In Silico evaluation of phytoconstituents from Carica Papaya and its anti-hyperglycemic activities on high sucrose-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster

S/N

Docked ligand

Alpha amylase

Beta glucosidase

DDP 4

PPARG

SGLT − 2

SUR − 1

0

Reference (Metformin)

− 5.1

− 5.2

− 5.4

− 4.8

− 5.1

− 6.5

1

Reference 2 (Acarbose)

− 8.2

− 9.1

− 9.2

− 6.9

− 7.5

− 4.7

2

Myricetin 3-rhamnoside

− 9.6

− 9.8

− 9.6

− 8

− 8.2

− 7.5

3

Quercetin

− 8.8

− 8.9

− 8.3

− 7.3

− 9.7

− 7.1

4

Caffeic acid

− 6.5

− 7

− 7.1

− 5.9

− 7.7

− 5.8

5

protocatechuic acid

− 5.8

− 6.4

− 6.4

− 5.7

− 6.8

− 5.3

6

Carpaine

− 7.8

− 9.9

− 10

− 8.6

− 8.6

−7.9

7

2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol

− 5.6

− 6.4

− 6

− 5.8

−6.8

− 5.1

8

Equisetin

− 8.7

− 7.7

− 8.2

− 7.1

−7.6

− 6.5

9

Tenuazonic acid

−7

− 6.3

− 6.5

− 5.6

− 6.8

− 5.3

10

9-Octadecenamide

− 5.4

− 6.1

− 5.5

− 6

− 6.8

− 4.9

11

Prunasin

− 7.2

− 7

7.2

− 6.9

− 8.7

− 5.9

12

Orientin 7-O-rhamnoside

− 9.1

− 9.2

− 9.7

− 8

− 8.5

− 7.7

13

11-Hydroperoxy-12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid

− 6.2

− 6.4

− 6.5

− 6.1

− 6.1

− 5.3

14

Hexadecanamide

− 5.1

− 5.6

− 5.1

− 5.4

− 6.6

− 5.6

15

Ferulic acid

− 6.5

− 6.8

− 6.8

− 6

− 7.4

− 6