Table 1 – Materials utilized in the synthesis of graphene oxide and Preparation of polymer, hybrid, and Brine solutions, including their sources and specific Roles.

Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)

Merck

95% purity, for GO synthesis.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Merck

for GO synthesis.

Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄)

Merck

for GO synthesis.

hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)

Merck

for GO synthesis.

Graphite

Asbury Company

as the precursor for GO synthesis.

Flopaam 3630 S (HPAM)

SNF

as the base polymer.

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Sigma-Aldrich

to simulate salinity conditions.

Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂)

Sigma-Aldrich

to introduce divalent ions (Mg²⁺).

Deionized Water (DIW)

-

as the solvent for preparing all solutions.