Fig. 6

Differential microbiome composition by APOE genotype. (Panel a) Random Forest analysis identified key bacterial genera with altered abundance across APOE genotypes. (Panel b) LEfSe analysis detected taxa enriched in specific genotypes. (Panels c–f) LEfSe box plots showing increased relative abundance of Corynebacterium, Gastranaerophilales, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Victivallis in participants with the E4E4 genotypes (p < 0.01). This was confirmed with a MaAsLin2 analysis after adjusting for group, gender, age, education, BMI, CDR, and MoCA (p < 0.001).