Table 3 Hazard ratio of mucus plug presence for various histology of lung cancer.

From: Mucus plug and lung cancer incidence in patients with COPD

 

Non-small cell lung cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

Unadjusted model

2.594 (1.370–4.911)

0.003

3.757 (1.596–8.841)

0.002

1.431 (0.519–3.948)

0.489

Adjusted model

 + Age

2.373 (1.252–4.498)

0.008

3.391 (1.439–7.993)

0.005

1.340 (0.485–3.706)

0.573

 + Sex

2.150 (1.130–4.090)

0.020

3.104 (1.308–7.365)

0.010

1.202 (0.433–3.333)

0.724

 + Smoking history

2.008 (1.051–3.838)

0.035

2.935 (1.229–7.008)

0.015

1.204 (0.434–3.343)

0.722

 + Pack years

1.980 (1.036–3.784)

0.039

2.891 (1.211–6.904)

0.017

1.227 (0.439–3.425)

0.696

 + Blood neutrophil (%)

2.073 (1.081–3.976)

0.028

3.094 (1.293–7.402)

0.011

1.222 (0.437–3.421)

0.702

 + Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC

2.098 (1.088–4.046)

0.027

3.076 (1.278–7.402)

0.012

1.256 (0.444–3.553)

0.668

 + History of asthma

2.011 (1.041–3.887)

0.038

2.899 (1.202–6.991)

0.018

1.197 (0.423–3.388)

0.734

 + History of pulmonary tuberculosis

2.078 (1.074–4.021)

0.030

3.057 (1.265–7.390)

0.013

1.193 (0.420–3.389)

0.741

 + Charlson comorbidity index

1.893 (0.967–3.706)

0.063

2.985 (1.207–7.383)

0.018

1.010 (0.350–2.914)

0.985

  1. aAdjusted hazard ratios included all variables that showed statistical significance in the univariable Cox regression model. Multivariable analyses included covariables such as age, sex, smoking history, pack years, Charlson comorbidity index, history of asthma, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, blood neutrophil (%), and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC.