Table 12 Method comparison at equivalent accuracy (\(\sim 10^{-2}\) error).

From: A numerical approach to fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential problems using shifted Chebyshev spectral collocation

Method

\({\mathcal {M}}\)

Time (s)

Memory (MB)

FLOPs

Spectral collocation

7

0.328

58.4

\(1.8 \times 10^6\)

Finite difference method

22

1.417

89.2

\(8.3 \times 10^6\)

Trapezoidal rule

19

1.025

76.5

\(6.1 \times 10^6\)

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