Table 2 Convergence rates and stability analysis for Example 1.

From: A numerical approach to fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential problems using shifted Chebyshev spectral collocation

\({\mathcal {M}}\)

\(L^\infty\) error

Convergence rate

\(L^2\) Error

Condition number

Stability factor

4

\(5.1673 \times 10^{-2}\)

\(2.1000 \times 10^{-2}\)

\(4.1200 \times 10^2\)

1.85

6

\(3.0872 \times 10^{-2}\)

0.81

\(1.3000 \times 10^{-2}\)

\(7.5600 \times 10^3\)

2.41

8

\(1.0424 \times 10^{-2}\)

1.23

\(5.0000 \times 10^{-3}\)

\(2.1400 \times 10^4\)

3.07