Table 1 The grade, purity, and supplier of the used chemicals.

From: Nd-doped CuO/ZnO and ZnO/CuO heterojunctions for simultaneous UV blocking and malachite green detoxification

Chemical

Grade

Purity

Supplier (Company)

Zinc nitrate hexahydrate

Analytical reagent grade

≥ 99%

Merck, Germany

Neodymium (III) chloride hexahydrate

Analytical reagent grade

≥ 99%

Merck, Germany

Copper nitrate hexahydrate

Analytical reagent grade

≥ 99%

Merck, Germany

Ammonia solution (NH₃)

Analytical reagent grade

25% w/w NH₃

Merck, Germany

Absolute ethanol

Absolute (anhydrous)

≥ 99.8%

Merck, Germany

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Analytical reagent grade

≥ 98%

Loba, India

Deionized water

Analytical grade

Resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm

lab-generated