Fig. 1

Critical COVID−19 Patients Exhibit Defects in TIPE2 and GPx4 Expression, Accompanied by Iron Dysregulation and Elevated Inflammation. a, b Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, -1β, -10 and TGF-β) and iron metabolism markers (ferritin and total iron) in COVID-19 patients and controls. c Plasma concentrations and PBMC transcript levels of TIPE2 and GPx4 among the three groups. d Correlations between TIPE2 and clinical disease severity, GPx4, TGF-β and ferritin. P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the FDR method. Data are presented as mean ± SD or correlation coefficients. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for group comparisons, and Spearman’s correlation for association analyses.(*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.)