Fig. 3
TIPE2 alleviates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced macrophage polarization imbalance and cytokine hypersecretion. a Lentiviral vectors carrying either TIPE2 shRNA or TIPE2 overexpression sequences were used to transduce THP-1 cells. The expression levels of TIPE2 were quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The blot shown was cropped to improve clarity. Molecular weight markers and uncropped original data are provided in Supplementary Fig. S2. b Flow cytometric evaluation of M1 (CD86+) and M2 (CD206+) macrophage subsets following S protein stimulation, with or without enforced TIPE2 expression. c Levels of IL-6, -1β, -10, and TGF-β in the culture supernatants of THP-1 macrophages were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Student’s t-test evaluated differences between two groups, and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc testing (LSD or Tamhane’s T2) was used for comparisons among three groups. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P<0.0001 )
