Fig. 6

(a) Schematic structure of the flagellar motor, shown in cross section, showing the flagellum (pink), hook (purple), L-P ring (yellow, orange), rod (cyan), MS ring (red), C ring (green), and stators (blue). The inset at the top right shows a top down schematic of the stators assembling at the periphery of the rotor, where \(\mu _\text {r}\) is the chemical potential and J is the nearest-neighbor interaction. (b) The bead assay technique to measure the single motor activity.