Fig. 1

Study Design and High-Dimensional Analysis of Patient Samples Following HPV Vaccination. (a) Schematic of the study design. Patients with respiratory papillomatosis received the quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine at 0, 4, and 12 weeks. Biological samples were collected during a 6-month follow-up period after the final dose. (b, c) High-dimensional analysis of patient samples comparing fully vaccinated (Vax) and unvaccinated (Unvax) cohorts. (b) t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) plot and (c) Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) plot, visualizing a clear separation between the patient groups based on their global clinical profiles.