Fig. 4
From: HPV vaccination improves immune response in children with respiratory papillomatosis
Vaccination promotes a pro-inflammatory cytokine environment in papilloma tissue. (a) Heatmap illustrating relative concentrations of key inflammatory cytokines measured in lesional tissue (local) and serum (systemic) from vaccinated (Vax) and unvaccinated (Unvax) patients. Purple indicates higher concentration, and white indicates lower concentration. (b-c) Quantification of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in (b) lesional tissue and (c) serum, comparing the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired t-test. *p < 0.05.
