Fig. 1

Combined Associations between Fluid Resuscitation Time and Volume and 28-day mortality. Hazard ratios (solid circle symbols) with 95% CIs (error bars) of combined associations of volume and time of fluid for 28-day mortality. (A) Fluid resuscitation time within 3 h, (B) Fluid resuscitation time beyond 3 h. The 28-day mortalities were adjusted for the institution, age, sex, comorbidities (cirrhosis, cerebrovascular accidents, and hematologic malignancy), infection origin, infection site, initial sequential organ failure assessment score, vasopressor use, lactate level, bacteremia, treatments (steroid and source control) using multivariate Cox proportional regression models.