Table 3 Combined Association of Fluid Resuscitation Volume and Time with Secondary outcomes.

From: Optimal time and volume of fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis: a nationwide multicenter cohort study

 

Hospital mortality

Free of the ventilator at 28 days

Discharge from ICU at 28 days

No. (%)

HR (95% CI)a

No. (%)

sHR (95% CI)b

No. (%)

sHR (95% CI)c

Fluid within 3 h

 20 to < 25

14 (19.7%)

[Reference]

18 (52.9%)

[Reference]

52 (73.2%)

[Reference]

 25 to < 30

18 (31.0%)

2.11 (0.91–4.91)

14 (37.8%)

0.50 (0.24–1.04)

34 (58.6%)

0.82 (0.51–1.31)

 30 to < 35

18 (26.1%)

1.49 (0.64–3.44)

17 (50.0%)

1.20 (0.65–2.23)

42 (60.9%)

1.11 (0.74–1.68)

 35 to < 40

14 (29.2%)

2.11 (0.91–4.86)

6 (31.6%)

0.51 (0.19–1.37)

34 (70.8%)

1.10 (0.71–1.71)

 40 to < 45

2 (6.1%)

0.18 (0.03–0.93)

13 (81.3%)

2.55 (1.24–5.27)

30 (90.9%)

1.61 (1.06–2.45)

 ≥ 45

22 (29.3%)

0.99 (0.45–2.18)

20 (48.8%)

0.97 (0.51–1.82)

45 (60.0%)

0.96 (0.65–1.44)

Fluid beyond 3 h

 20 to < 25

36 (28.8%)

[Reference]

25 (47.2%)

[Reference]

84 (67.2%)

[Reference]

 25 to < 30

28 (19.0%)

0.62 (0.36–1.07)

30 (55.6%

1.20 (0.70–2.03)

108 (73.5%)

1.09 (0.83–1.43)

 30 to < 35

30 (22.1%)

0.87 (0.51–1.47)

20 (45.5%)

0.96 (0.52–1.75)

97 (71.3%)

1.00 (0.75–1.34)

 35 to < 40

25 (23.1%)

0.79 (0.44–1.40)

23 (52.3%)

1.14 (0.63–2.06)

77 (71.3%)

1.03 (0.77–1.38)

 40 to < 45

29 (27.1%)

0.98 (0.56–1.70

13 (31.7%)

0.76 (0.38–1.52)

74 (69.2%)

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

 ≥ 45

98 (29.9%)

0.95 (0.60–1.50)

48 (38.4%)

0.88 (0.52–1.48)

210 (64.0%)

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

  1. aAdjusted for age, sex, comorbidities (cirrhosis, cerebrovascular accidents, and hematologic malignancy), origin of infection, site of infection, initial sequential organ failure assessment score, use of vasopressor, lactate level, bacteremia, treatments (steroid and source control).
  2. bAdjusted for age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, and chronic kidney disease), site of infection, initial sequential organ failure assessment score, lactate level, septic shock, bacteremia, and corticosteroid treatment.
  3. cAdjusted for institution, age, sex, comorbidities (cirrhosis, cerebrovascular accidents, and hematologic malignancy), origin of infection, site of infection, initial sequential organ failure assessment score, use of vasopressor, lactate level, bacteremia, and treatments (steroid and source control).
  4. Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio; ICU, intensive care unit; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio.
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