Table 2 Cox proportional hazard models of overall survival and cancer-specific survival.
Overall survival | Cancer-specific survival | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
RNU (+) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
RNU (−) | 3.12 (2.20–4.42) | < 0.001 | 2.19 (1.44–3.31) | < 0.001 | 2.23 (1.24–4.01) | 0.007 | 1.90 (1.05–3.46) | 0.034 |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
Female | 0.63 (0.48–0.84) | 0.002 | 0.69 (0.50–0.97) | 0.034 | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 0.033 | ||
Age | ||||||||
< 70-years-old | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
≥ 70-years-old | 1.51 (1.14–2.00) | 0.005 | 1.89 (1.39–2.57) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.73–1.37) | 0.981 | ||
ASA grading | ||||||||
1–2 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
3–4 | 0.83 (0.57–1.21) | 0.337 | 1.21 (0.83–1.77) | 0.320 | ||||
Smoking | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Yes | 1.58 (1.13–2.20) | 0.007 | 1.51 (1.01–2.26) | 0.044 | 1.45 (1.00–2.11) | 0.051 | 1.48 (1.01–2.17) | 0.043 |
End-stage renal disease | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Yes | 1.04 (0.62–1.73) | 0.892 | 1.14 (0.66–1.98) | 0.638 | ||||
History of other malignancies | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Yes | 0.93 (0.61–1.40) | 0.724 | 0.93 (0.61–1.41) | 0.726 | ||||
Tumor location | ||||||||
Renal pelvis | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Ureter | 0.87 (0.60–1.26) | 0.468 | 0.662 (0.351–1.250) | 0.203 | 1.29 (0.90–1.86) | 0.171 | 0.529 (0.246–1.137) | 0.103 |
Both | 1.36 (0.97–1.89) | 0.072 | 1.132 (0.568–2.255) | 0.724 | 1.39 (0.92–2.10) | 0.122 | 1.226 (0.566–2.655) | 0.605 |
Tumor size | ||||||||
< 3 cm | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
≥ 3 cm | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.067 | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.119 | ||||
Clinical T stage | ||||||||
cTx/cT1/cT2 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
cT3/cT4 | 1.42 (1.07–1.89) | 0.014 | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 0.246 | ||||
Clinical N stage | ||||||||
cN1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
cN2/cN3 | 1.45 (1.10–1.93) | 0.010 | 1.39 (1.02–1.90) | 0.036 | 1.35 (0.98–1.87) | 0.063 | ||
Multifocal | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
Yes | 1.53 (1.15–2.03) | 0.003 | 1.52 (1.13–2.04) | 0.006 | 1.33 (0.96–1.86) | 0.091 | ||
Combined bladder cancer | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Yes | 1.07 (0.74–1.54) | 0.733 | 1.35 (0.92–1.98) | 0.126 | ||||
Cell type | ||||||||
Urothelial | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Others (N, %) | 1.00 (0.41–2.42) | 0.993 | 0.85 (0.31–2.29) | 0.747 | ||||
UTUC Chemotherapy | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Yes | 1.33 (0.98–1.81) | 0.069 | 1.40 (1.01–1.94) | 0.043 | ||||
Chemotherapy types | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Neoadjuvant | 1.03 (0.62–1.72) | 0.902 | 1.56 (0.95–2.58) | 0.08 | ||||
Adjuvant | 0.87 (0.58–1.29) | 0.479 | 1.25 (0.86–1.83) | 0.243 | ||||
Salvage | 0.62 (0.24–1.80) | 0.411 | 1.46 (0.62–3.40) | 0.384 | ||||
Palliative | 2.69 (1.88–3.86) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (1.03–2.89) | 0.039 | ||||
Chemotherapy regimens | ||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
Gemcitabine and cisplatin | 1.88 (1.30–2.71) | 0.001 | 1.67 (1.08–2.59 | 0.022 | 1.70 (1.09–2.58) | 0.019 | ||
MVAC | 0.51 (0.16–1.63) | 0.258 | 0.89 (0.27–2.88) | 0.841 | 0.76 (0.31–1.89) | 0.553 | ||
Taxane-based | 0 (0–Inf) | 0.992 | 0 (0–Inf) | 0.993 | 0.40 (0.05–2.87) | 0.359 | ||
Carboplatin-based | 1.16 (0.79–1.72) | 0.441 | 1.20 (0.78–1.84) | 0.402 | 1.45 (0.97–2.16) | 0.07 | ||
Others | 1.47 (0.93–2.32) | 0.096 | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) | 0.311 | 1.42 (0.81–2.48) | 0.219 | ||
