Table 2 The characteristics at baseline across quartile of the DAI score in the case group.

From: The association between dietary antioxidant index with tumor size, proliferation marker, and the odds of breast cancer in Iranian women

Characteristics (mean (SD) or N (%)

DAI quartiles

P – value*

Q1

(N = 32)

Q2

(N = 34)

Q3

(N = 44)

Q4

(N = 45)

Total

(N = 155)

DAI score

-1.61 ± 3.34a, b,c

4.81 ± 1.72d, e

10.82 ± 1.92f

19.69 ± 4.80

9.51 ± 8.47

< 0.001

Age (years)

49.81 ± 11.60

47.76 ± 9.51

44.98 ± 10.12

45.42 ± 11.46

46.72 ± 10.78

0.19

BMI (kg/m2)

26.78 ± 3.40

26.85 ± 3.90

26.60 ± 4.70

27.25 ± 4.10

26.88 ± 4.08

0.89

P.A (met-min/week)

912.67 ± 909.59

665.85 ± 607.76

693.45 ± 521.95

969.40 ± 970.36

812.77 ± 780.30

0.20

Energy (kcal/d)

1649.72 ± 373.88a, b,c

2060.62 ± 282.95d, e

2464.38 ± 502.23f

3007.09 ± 562.15

2365.19 ± 675.33

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg)

251.82 ± 66.07a, b,c

304.98 ± 60.31e

343.03 ± 79.18f

452.90 ± 153.79

347.75 ± 125.38

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg)

86.22 ± 42.25a, b,c

130.34 ± 74.35

121.89 ± 58.63f

158.78 ± 100.72

127.09 ± 77.80

0.001

Vitamin A (RE)

529.67 ± 325.29b, c

629.82 ± 332.78

690.86 ± 307.16

763.73 ± 380.16

665.35 ± 346.10

0.02

Vitamin E (mg)

10.00 ± 3.16a, b,c

15.03 ± 4.73d, e

21.76 ± 5.05f

28.31 ± 9.24

19.76 ± 9.25

< 0.001

Zinc (mg)

8.91 ± 2.70a, b,c

10.66 ± 2.21d, e

12.35 ± 2.72f

15.24 ± 4.01

12.11 ± 3.83

< 0.001

Selenium (µg)

66.49 ± 22.66b, c

83.24 ± 23.89e

96.47 ± 32.33f

130.91 ± 55.86

97.38 ± 44.50

< 0.001

Ki-67 marker (%)

29.93 ± 15.24b

34.58 ± 20.11

42.08 ± 25.28f

28.91 ± 18.18

34.10 ± 20.88

0.01

Tumor size (cm)

3.32 ± 1.86

3.24 ± 2.42

3.05 ± 2.52

3.06 ± 3.01

3.15 ± 2.51

0.95

Tumor stage, n (%)

 

0.39a

 Stage 1

3 (9.4)

1 (2.9)

4 (9.1)

2 (4.4)

10 (6.5)

 Stage 2

24 (75.0)

24 (70.6)

25 (56.8)

27 (60.0)

100 (64.5)

 Stage 3

5 (15.6)

9 (26.5)

15 (34.1)

16 (35.6)

45 (29.0)

Histological grade, n (%)

 

0.12a

 Grade 1

2 (6.3)

1 (10.0)

3 (30.0)

4 (40.0)

10 (6.5)

 Grade 2

25 (78.1)

24 (70.6)

21 (47.7)

28 (62.2)

98 (63.2)

 Grade 3

5 (15.6)

9 (26.5)

20 (45.5)

13 (28.9)

47 (30.3)

Metastasis status, n (%)

 

0.87

 Yes

2 (6.3)

1 (2.9)

3 (6.8)

2 (4.4)

8 (5.2)

 No

30 (93.8)

33 (97.1)

41 (93.2)

43 (95.6)

147 (94.8)

  1. Data are means ± SD for quantitative variables and frequency (percent) for qualitative variables.
  2. *From ANOVA for quantitative variables, a. Chi-square for qualitative variables.
  3. Post hoc (LSD) according to the following pattern:
  4. aSignificant difference between the reference group compared to the second quartile.
  5. bSignificant difference between the reference group compared to the third quartile.
  6. cSignificant difference between the reference group compared to the forth quartile.
  7. dSignificant difference between the second quartile compared to the third quartile.
  8. eSignificant difference between the second quartile compared to the forth quartile.
  9. fSignificant difference between the third quartile compared to the forth quartile.
  10. DAI: Dietary antioxidant index, BMI; body mass index, PA: physical activity.
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