Table 2 Association between air pollutants exposure and liver fibrosis in MASLD.

From: Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver fibrosis in the elderly with MASLD

Air pollutants

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

O3, μg/m3

  Q1(< 102.9)

1

1

1

  Q2(102.9–104.9)

1.04(0.94, 1.14)

1.04(0.95, 1.15)

1.07(0.93, 1.22)

  Q3(105.0–107.1)

1.10(1.00, 1.21)

1.13(1.02, 1.25)

1.24(1.08, 1.43)

  Q4(≥ 107.2)

1.20(1.09, 1.33)

1.26(1.14, 1.40)

1.50(1.30, 1.74)

  Per SD μg/m3 increment

1.05(1.02, 1.09)

1.07(1.03, 1.11)

1.13(1.07, 1.19)

CO, μg/m3

  Q1(< 0.615)

1

1

1

  Q2(0.615–0.635)

1.03(0.93, 1.14)

1.04(0.94, 1.16)

1.18(1.01, 1.36)

  Q3(0.636–0.657)

1.17(1.06, 1.30)

1.19(1.08, 1.32)

1.49(1.29, 1.73)

  Q4(≥ 0.658)

1.16(1.05, 1.28)

1.18(1.07, 1.31)

1.26(1.09, 1.46)

  Per SD μg/m3 increment

1.02(0.99, 1.06)

1.03(0.99, 1.06)

1.02(0.97, 1.07)

NO2, μg/m3

Q1(< 24.1)

1

1

1

Q2(24.1–25.2)

0.87(0.78, 0.98)

0.87(0.77, 0.97)

0.95(0.81, 1.13)

Q3(25.3–26.3)

0.95(0.85, 1.07)

0.94(0.84, 1.05)

0.96(0.81, 1.13)

Q4(26.4)

1.02(0.92, 1.14)

1.00(0.89, 1.12)

0.98(0.84, 1.15)

Per SD μg/m3 increment

1.01(0.98, 1.05)

1.00(0.97, 1.04)

1.00(0.95, 1.05)

SO2, μg/m3

  Q1(< 7.65)

1

1

1

  Q2(7.65–8.12)

1.13(1.02, 1.26)

1.16(1.05, 1.29)

1.25(1.08, 1.45)

  Q3(8.13–8.53)

1.10(0.99, 1.21)

1.12(1.01, 1.24)

1.34(1.16, 1.55)

  Q4(≥ 8.54)

1.12(1.01, 1.23)

1.15(1.04, 1.27)

1.22(1.06, 1.40)

  Per SD μg/m3 increment

1.02(0.98, 1.05)

1.03(0.99, 1.06)

1.03(0.98, 1.09)

PM2.5, μg/m3

  Q1(< 21.9)

1

1

1

  Q2(21.9–22.6)

1.00(0.90, 1.11)

1.01(0.91, 1.12)

1.13(0.97, 1.32)

  Q3(22.7–23.1)

1.02(0.91, 1.13)

1.03(0.93, 1.15)

1.25(1.07, 1.45)

  Q4(≥ 23.2)

1.21(1.09, 1.35)

1.25(1.13, 1.39)

1.49(1.28, 1.74)

  Per SD μg/m3 increment

1.05(1.02, 1.09)

1.06(1.03, 1.10)

1.09(1.04, 1.15)

PM10, μg/m3

  Q1(39.7)

1

1

1

  Q2(39.7–41.2)

1.05(0.95, 1.17)

1.07(0.96, 1.18)

1.20(1.03, 1.40)

  Q3(41.3–42.5)

1.11(1.00, 1.23)

1.15(1.03, 1.28)

1.39(1.20, 1.63)

  Q4(≥ 42.6)

1.37(1.23, 1.52)

1.43(1.28, 1.59)

1.83(1.56, 2.13)

  Per SD μg/m3 increment

1.08(1.05, 1.12)

1.10(1.06, 1.14)

1.18(1.12, 1.24)

  1. The data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
  2. Model 1: univariate model;
  3. Model 2: age-, sex-adjusted model.
  4. Model 3: Further adjusted for body mass index, alanine transaminase, hypertension, diabetes, central obesity, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol drinking status.
  5. MASLD metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, NO2 nitrogen dioxide, O3 ozone, SO2 sulfur dioxide, CO carbon monoxide, PM particulate matter, SD standard deviation.
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