Fig. 2

Clinical characteristics by quartiles of nasal Aβ42. Results of each quartile group’s cognitive function measured by CDR is shown in (A), GDS in (B), MMSE in (C), and CERAD in (D). Association with age is shown in (E) and years of education in (F). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was tested by one-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc using Dunnett. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value below of 0.05, while p-values below or equal to 0.05 and 0.01 were represented by * and **, respectively. Group sizes were as follows: Q1 (n = 41), Q2 (n = 40), Q3 (n = 40), Q4 (n = 40). Aβ, amyloid beta; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rate; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.