Table 2 Questionnaires and examinations for all visits as of October 2023.

From: Cohort profile of the Heidelberg study on diabetes and complications HEIST-DiC

  

Follow-up

BL/FV

Every

year

Every

2 years

Every

4 years

Demographics

    

Age

X

X

  

Sex

X

X

  

Anthropometrics

    

Body height & weight, body mass index

X

X

  

Waist & hip circumference

X

X

  

Diabetes

    

Time of diagnosis

X

X

  

Symptoms at time of diagnosis

X

X

  

Diabetes treatment regime

X

X

  

History of diabetic nephro-, retino-, neuropathy

X

X

  

Cardiovascular complications 1

X

X

  

Pulmonary complications

X

X

  

Cerebrovascular complications 1

X

X

  

Family history 1

X

X

  

Currently or formerly overweight

X

X

  

Diabetes risk test (for NGT and PRED)

X

X

  

Oral glucose tolerance test (not for T1D) 1

X

X

  

Personal health behaviour, life style

    

Smoking 1

X

X

  

Alcohol 1

X

X

  

Diet 1

X

X

  

Other diseases 1

X

X

  

Medication

X

X

  

Health-related quality of life

    

SF-12, PHQ 2

X

  

X

Cardiovascular examinations

    

Vascular status

X

X

  

Electrocardiogram

X

X

  

Sonography neck vessels & abdominal aorta 2

X

 

X

X

Ankle–brachial index 2

X

 

X

X

24 h-blood pressure measurement 2

X

 

X

X

6-minute walk test 2, 3, 4

X

 

X

X

Neurological examinations

    

NDS, NSS, SAS, foot inspection

X

X

  

MNSI 5

X

  

X

Foot & Hand nerve conduction velocity 2, 6, 7

X

  

X

Transcutaneous electrical nerve fiber stimulation7

    

Quantitative sensory testing 2

X

  

X

Heart rate variability 2

X

  

X

Manual strength 8

X

X

  

Pegboard 2, 8

X

  

X

Hepatic examinations

    

Elastography 2, 9, 10,

X

  

X

Sonography liver 2

X

 

X

X

Renal examination

    

Sonography kidney 2

X

 

X

X

Ophthalmological examination

    

Fundoscopy

X

X

  

Pulmonary examination

    

Spirometry, DLCO, body plethysmography 2

X

  

X

Other examinations

    

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

X

X

  

Skin autofluorescence 2

X

  

X

  1. All examinations and questionnaires are performed at the initial baseline (BL) and final visit (FV) and are repeated every year (visits 1–10) or only additionally every two (visits 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) or four (visits 4, 8) years according to the current study protocol of October 2023. Previous changes to the study protocol: (1) Anamnesis for cardio- and cerebrovascular complications, Family history, Smocking, Alcohol, Diet and other diseases now yearly and not only at BL, expanded questionnaires for Family history and Alcohol consumption, oGTT for T2D starting from February 2023; (2) Examinations were reduced from yearly or biyearly (nerve conduction velocity & quantitative sensory testing) to every second or forth year from October 2023; (3) 6-minute walk test added from December 2016; (4) 6-minute walk test discontinued between January 2021 and April 2023; (5) Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) for visits BL (starting proband 447), 4, and 6; added from September 2020 (6) Hand nerve conduction velocity for visit 4 and 6 added from February 2021; (7) transcutaneous electrical nerve fiber stimulation added from June 2023; (8) Manual strength & Pegboard added from November 2017; (9) liver stiffness (elastography) added from November 2016; (10) controlled attenuation parameter (elastography) added from August 2017.
  2. Abbreviations: NGT: normal glucose tolerant individuals, PRED: individuals with prediabetes, T1D: individuals with type1 diabetes, SF-12: 12-item short-form health survey, PHQ: patient health questionnaire, NDS: neuropathy disability score, NSS: neuropathy symptom score, SAS: symptom assessment score, DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.