Table 1 The characteristics of the study population by age-related hearing impairment at different frequencies.
Low-frequency PTA | High-frequency PTA | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | All participants, n = 9391 | Normal hearing, n = 4941 | Slight HI, n = 3111 | Moderate and Severe HI, n = 1341 | P-value2 | Normal hearing, n = 751 | Slight HI, n = 2451 | Moderate and Severe HI, n = 6191 | P-value2 |
Sex | 0.80 | < 0.001 | |||||||
female | 516 (62%) | 270 (60%) | 171 (63%) | 75 (65%) | 62 (94%) | 166 (70%) | 288 (53%) | ||
male | 423 (38%) | 224 (40%) | 140 (37%) | 59 (35%) | 13 (6.0%) | 79 (30%) | 331 (47%) | ||
Race | 0.30 | 0.058 | |||||||
White | 470 (78%) | 218 (77%) | 164 (78%) | 88 (84%) | 32 (79%) | 80 (71%) | 358 (81%) | ||
Other Race | 188 (10%) | 114 (11%) | 55 (9.1%) | 19 (8.5%) | 15 (8.6%) | 67 (12%) | 106 (9.7%) | ||
Black | 175 (7.1%) | 106 (7.9%) | 51 (6.8%) | 18(5.0%) | 21 (9.9%) | 68 (12%) | 86 (5.0%) | ||
Mexican American | 106 (4.5%) | 56 (4.2%) | 41 (6.2%) | 9 (2.1%) | 7 (2.5%) | 30 (5.4%) | 69 (4.5%) | ||
Educational Level | 0.50 | 0.30 | |||||||
Less than high school | 132 (7%) | 55 (5%) | 56 (9%) | 21 (8%) | 5 (4%) | 30 (6%) | 97 (7%) | ||
High school | 327 (30%) | 163 (30%) | 114 (31%) | 50 (30%) | 15 (18%) | 86 (33%) | 226 (32%) | ||
More than high school | 480 (63%) | 276 (65%) | 141 (60%) | 63 (62%) | 55 (78%) | 129 (61%) | 296 (61%) | ||
PIR | 0.055 | 0.041 | |||||||
< 1.3 | 202 (11%) | 93 (9%) | 85 (14%) | 24 (10%) | 12 (8%) | 53 (10%) | 137 (11%) | ||
[1.3,3.5) | 483 (45%) | 251 (41%) | 149 (44%) | 83 (63%) | 29 (27%) | 119 (38%) | 335 (51%) | ||
≥ 3.5 | 254 (44%) | 150 (50%) | 77 (41%) | 27 (28%) | 34 (65%) | 73 (52%) | 147 (38%) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.14 | 0.024 | |||||||
< 25 | 219 (22%) | 131 (26%) | 71 (19%) | 17 (8.5%) | 23 (41%) | 72 (28%) | 124 (16%) | ||
[25, 30) | 338 (34%) | 170 (34%) | 110 (33%) | 58 (38%) | 26 (29%) | 73 (32%) | 239 (36%) | ||
≥ 30 | 382 (44%) | 193 (40%) | 130 (48%) | 59 (53%) | 26 (30%) | 100 (39%) | 256 (48%) | ||
Smoke | 458 (43%) | 244 (41%) | 147 (47%) | 67 (44%) | 0.70 | 36 (38%) | 89 (26%) | 333 (51%) | 0.002 |
Hypertension | 636 (64%) | 317 (60%) | 218 (65%) | 101 (78%) | 0.090 | 51 (52%) | 164 (63%) | 421 (67%) | 0.30 |
Diabetes | 473 (44%) | 218 (37%) | 185 (48%) | 70 (59%) | 0.034 | 29 (30%) | 109 (37%) | 335 (48%) | 0.13 |
CHD | 121 (13%) | 46 (9.2%) | 49 (17%) | 26 (21%) | 0.071 | 7 (4.8%) | 29 (13%) | 85 (15%) | 0.20 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | < 0.001 | 0.014 | |||||||
≥ 60 | 676 (73%) | 394 (81%) | 208 (68%) | 74 (51%) | 64 (93%) | 193 (75%) | 419 (69%) | ||
< 60 | 263 (27%) | 100 (19%) | 103 (32%) | 60 (49%) | 11 (7.4%) | 52 (25%) | 200 (31%) | ||
