Table 6 Comparison of thermal aspects of test PV modules under scenarios 1, 2 and 3.

From: Performance and water-energy nexus aspects of stagnant water layer cooled zero-tilt solar photovoltaic module

Thermal Aspects

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Reference PV Module

Seawater PV Module

Deviation Between Seawater and Reference PV Module

Reference PV Module

Tap Water PV Module

Deviation Between Tap Water and Reference PV Module

Reference PV Module

Desalinated Water PV Module

Deviation Between Desalinated Water and Reference PV Module

Maximum Temperature (°C)

59.0

44.0

15.0

54.0

42.0

12.0

57.6

43.9

13.7

Minimum Temperature (°C)

32.4

29.7

2.7

32.5

29.0

3.5

33.3

28.0

5.3

Average Temperature (°C)

43.4

36.0

7.4

42.0

34.8

7.2

44.3

36.1

8.2

Maximum Temperature Difference Between PV Module and Ambient Temperature (°C)

21.5

8.1

NA

19.6

8.1

NA

20.4

6.7

NA

Average Temperature Difference Between PV Module and Ambient (°C)

9.0

1.4

NA

8.5

1.3

NA

9.0

0.8

NA

  1. NA Not Applicable.