Table 8 Temperature reduction and electrical efficiency improvement in PV modules subjected to various water-cooling techniques.
Water Cooling Technique | Location | PV Module Temperature Reduction | Relative Electrical Efficiency Improvement | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(°C) | (%) | (%) | |||
Wetted cotton wick at rear surface | Trichy, India | 20.0 | 30.0 | 15.5 | |
Fins + cotton wick at rear surface | Trichy, India | 5.9 | 12.0 | 14.0 | |
Front surface water spray | Semnan, Iran | 32.3 | 56.6 | 33.0 | |
Front and rear surface water spray | NA | 30.0 | 55.6 | 14.1 | |
Front surface water veil | Vientiane, Laos | 29.2 | 44.4 | 18.4 | |
Partial submersion in water | Port Said, Egypt | 10.5 | 19.6 | 28.4 | |
Full submersion in water (4 cm depth) | Pisa, Italy | 40.0 | 57.1 | 20.0 | |
Full submersion in water (1 cm depth) | Bhopal, India (Indoor study) | 24.6 | 41.4 | 17.8 | |
Stagnant water layer (1 cm initial depth) | Visakhapatnam, India | 15.0 (Seawater) | 25.4 (Seawater) | 16.2 (Seawater) | Present study |
12.0 (Tap water) | 22.2 (Tap water) | 18.6 (Tap water) | |||
13.7 (Desalinated water) | 23.8 (Desalinated water) | 30.8 (Desalinated water) | |||
