Fig. 1

Effect of PTE on Dom and Sub offspring body weight. (A) The significant weight difference between the Dom and Sub Veh treated groups at all three time points: PND 7, 30, and 180. (B) PTE resulted in a significant reduction in body weight in Dom offspring compared to Dom Veh offspring at PND 7 and PND 30. (C) No significant effect of PTE was observed in the Sub offspring. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 7–10 per group). Statistical significance is indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001, analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc correction.