Fig. 2

Oxidative stress is observed in PV patients. (a) HE staining of normal, perilesional, and lesional sites in PV patients (sample from patient ID 9). Black arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration, red arrows indicate acantholysis, and asterisks (*) denote blister formation. Scale bar: 100 μm (overview images); 40 μm (magnified images). (b) The quantification of SOD, CAT, Thiols, and MDA levels in biopsies extracted from normal, perilesional, and lesional sites in PV patients (n = 8). Error bars represented standard error of the mean (s.e.m). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test versus the normal group. ns: not significant; *P  < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (c) The levels of SOD, CAT, Thiols, and MDA in serum from the healthy control group (n = 7) and PV patients group (n = 8) were quantified. Results were representative of at least three independent experiments. Error bars represented standard error of the mean (s.e.m). Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, against the control.