Table 2 Description and descriptive statistics of the independent variables.
Dimension | Item | Item Meaning | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Device Access (DA) | DA1Device Usage | Do you currently use a smartphone? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.855 | 0.187 |
DA2Device Interconnection | Can you choose appropriate digital tools and possible technical solutions based on actual needs to meet real-world demands, such as interconnecting smartphones with other electronic devices (e.g., screen mirroring/WeChat login on a computer)? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.558 | 0.287 | |
DA3Fault Handling | Can you solve basic problems encountered while using smartphones and other electronic devices, such as device lag, software installation/upgrade, uninstallation, etc.? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.698 | 0.176 | |
Information Acquisition (IA) | IA1Information Browsing | Can you use a smartphone to browse and search for data and digital content? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.697 | 0.164 |
IA2Information Storage | Can you extract and store information and digital content obtained from the internet? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.543 | 0.147 | |
Information Evaluation (IE) | IE1 Information Identification | Can you identify the credibility of information and digital content obtained from the internet? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.846 | 0.287 |
Information Interaction (II) | II1Chat Interaction | Can you use smartphones or other electronic devices to participate in online chat interactions? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.585 | 0.298 |
II2Information Forwarding | Can you use smartphones or other electronic devices to forward text, images, and videos to others? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.397 | 0.112 | |
Content Production (CP) | CP1Content Preprocessing | Can you write text, take photos, and videos and publish them on your own? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.747 | 0.198 |
CP2Content Reprocessing | Can you process and repost existing text, images, and videos on the internet? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.847 | 0.276 | |
Digital Risk (DR) | DR1Risk Perception | Are you aware of potential security risks in the digital environment, such as online scams? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.965 | 0.012 |
DR2Security Measures | Do you take measures to protect personal information security and privacy, such as setting a password for the device, refusing to fill in personal information when uncertain about security, and setting up payment passwords for online transactions? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.707 | 0.023 |
