Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies.

From: Meta-analysis of comprehensive prognostic evaluation in patients with atrial fibrillation complicated by heart failure after catheter ablation

NO

First Author (Year)

Trial acronym

Study design

Inclusion criteria

Ablation strategy

Comparator

CA/NCANo

Age,

M(SD) y

Males, No. (%)

Females, No. (%)

Follow

-up mo

Outcome Indicators

1

Xueying Zhu 201932

NA

Cohort Study

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF<50%

PVI

Rhythm control

44/40

71.8

(2.7)

53

(63.10)

31

(36.90)

6

1,6,9,10,12

2

Fangchao Li 202220

NA

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV;

LVEF<50%

PVI

Rhythm control

28/33

62.8

(8.9)

43

(70.49)

18

(29.51)

12

1,7,8,9,

10,14,16

3

Yao Xu 202230

NA

Cohort Study

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV;

LVEF<50%

PVI±

linear

lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

44/44

70.9

(10)

53(

60.23)

35

(39.77)

24

1,2,3,6,7,9,10

4

Jiao Sun 201833

NA

Cohort Study

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 40%

PVI±

Linear lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

70/81

63

(9.3)

88

(58.28)

63

(41.72)

28.7

2,3,6,7,9,

10,14,

5

Hunter 201134

CAMTAF

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV;

LVEF<50%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rate control

26/21

57.4

(11.3)

45

(95.74)

2

(4.26)

6

8

6

Hunter 201426

CAMTAF

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV;

LVEF<50%;

PVI±

linear lesions

Rate control

26/24

57.4

(11.3)

48

(96.00)

2

(4.00)

6

2,3,6,7,9,11,14,15,16

7

Zakeri 202335

CAMTAF-ARC-HF

Cohort Study

PerAF; NYHAII-IV;

LVEF<50%;

PVI±

liner lesions±

CFAE

Rate control

52/50

61.1

(12.6)

93

(91.18)

9

(8.82)

93.6

3,6,7,9,

11,14,16

8

Jones 20137

ARC-HF

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI±

linear lesions±

CFAE

Rate control

26/26

63

(9.5)

45

(86.54)

7

(13.46)

12

3,7,9,11,13,15,16

9

Wong 201836

ARC-HF

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI±

linear lesions±

CFAE

Rate control

26/26

63

(9.5)

45

(86.54)

7

(13.46)

86.4

3

10

Di Biase 20164

AATAC

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-III;

LVEF<40%

PVI±

linear lesions±

CFAE

Rhythm

control

102/101

61

(10.5)

151

(74.38)

52

(25.62)

24

1,3,5,6,7,9,13,

16

11

Mohanty 201837

AATAC

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-III;

LVEF<40%

PVI±

linear lesions±

CFAE

Rhythm control

102/101

61

(10.5)

151

(74.38)

52

(25.62)

48

6,7

12

Packer 202131

CABANA

RCT

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF<50%

PVI±

linear lesions±

CFAE

Rhythm/

Rate control

378/400

67.7

(8.2)

433

(55.66)

345

(44.34)

48

1,2,3,6

13

Choi 201016

NA

Cohort Study

Per/PAF;

LVEF ≤ 45%;

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

15/15

59.5

(12.9)

27

(90.00)

3

(10.00)

16

1,6,7,9,14,

14

Marrouche 201938

CASTLE-AF

RCT

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

179/184

64.1

(11.6)

311

(85.67)

52

(14.33)

36

9

15

Sohns 202324

CASTLE-HTx

RCT

AF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI±

linear lesions±

CFAE

Rhythm/

Rate control

97/97

63.5

(11.1)

157

(80.93)

37

(19.07)

18

2,3,6,7,9

16

Marrouche 201825

CASTLE-AF

RCT

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

179/184

64.1

(12.2)

311

(85.67)

52

(14.33)

38.7

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

10,13,16

17

Sugumar 202039

CAMERA-MRI

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 45%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rate control

47/15

61.7

(10.1)

56

(90.32)

6

(9.68)

48

3,9,14,

18

Prabhu 201740

CAMERA-MRI

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF ≤ 45%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rate control

33/33

60.5

(10.3)

60

(90.91)

6

(9.09)

6

1,9,11,13,

14

19

Chieng 202328

RCT-STALL

RCT

PerAF; NYH-AII-IV; Increased BNP and PCWP; LVEF ≥ 50%;

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm control

16/15

66.1

(7.6)

16

(51.61)

15

(48.39)

6

9,11,12,

14,15,16

20

Olshausen 202241

NA

Cohort Study

AF; HF

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

434/868

66.9

(12.7)

895

(68.74)

407

(31.26)

31.2

2,3,4,5,8

21

Samuel 201942

AF-HF

Cohort Study

AF; HF

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

453/899

63.5

(6.7)

1045

(77.29)

307

(22.71)

45.6

1,3,8

22

Fukui 202027

NA

Cohort Study

AF; LVEF ≥ 50%,LVDD

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

35/50

70.6

(11.2)

55

(64.71)

30

(35.29)

24

5,6

23

Kuck 201922

AMICA

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-III; LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm/

Rate control

68/72

65

(8)

126

(90)

14

(10)

12

1,2,3,6,7,9,12,

13,16

24

Jin Geng 201743

NA

Cohort Study

Per/PAF; NYHAII-IV; LVEF<50%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rate control

90/90

66.4

(10.5)

86

(47.78)

94

(52.22)

13.5

1,3,8,

25

Rauber 202244

NA

Cohort Study

PerAF, LVEF<50%

PVI±

linear lesions

AVNA + PM

23/23

67

(8)

24

(52.17)

22

(47.83)

21

1,3,9

26

Rahman 201945

NA

Cohort Study

AF;

LVEF ≥ 50%

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

85/95

NI

77

(42.78)

103

(57.22)

24

3,5,6,8

27

Bunch 201521

NA

Cohort Study

Symptomatic AF;

LVEF ≤ 35%

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

267/1068

68.1

(12.6)

1045

(78.28)

290

(21.72)

60

1,2,3,9

28

Lima 202046

NA

Cohort Study

AF; HF

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

2204/

747,572

NI

NI

NI

1

5

29

Parkash 202223

RAFT-AF

RCT

Per/PAF; NYHAII-III;

Increased NT-proBNP

PVI±

linear lesions

Rate control

214/197

66.7

(8.3)

305

(74.21)

106

(25.79)

36

1,2,3,6,7,8,9,13,16

30

Samuel 202047

AF-HF

Cohort Study

AF; HF

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

451/899

62.9

(11.6)

954

(70.67)

396

(29.33)

45.6

1,3,8

31

Patel 202448

NA

Cohort Study

AF; HFpEF

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

9440/9440

NI

NI

NI

24

1,3,8

32

Zolotarova 202149

NA

Cohort Study

Symptomatic AF; HFpEF

PVI

Rhythm/

Rate control

136/58

NI

NI

NI

24

3,4

33

Khan 200850

PABA-CHF

RCT

Symptomatic AF;

NYHAII-III; LVEF ≤ 40%

PVI±

linear lesions

AVNA+

CRT

41/40

60.5

(8)

74

(91.36)

7

(8.64)

6

9,10,13,16

34

MacDonald 201129

NA

RCT

PerAF; NYHAII-IV;

LVEF<35%

PVI±

linear lesions

Rhythm control

22/19

63.3

(7.5)

32

(78.05)

9

(21.95)

6

1,9,12,13,

16

  1. Notes: NA: not applicable; RCT: randomized controlled trial; AF: atrial fibrillation; PerAF: persistent atrial fibrillation; PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; LVDD: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction; PVI: pulmonary vein isolation; CFAE: complex fractionated atrial electrograms; AVNA: atrioventricular node ablation; PM: pacemaker; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; CA: catheter ablation; NCA: non-catheter ablation; mo: month; NI: no information; Outcome Indicators: 1. HF events; (2) CV mortality; (3) All-cause mortality; (4) CV hospitalization; (5) All-cause hospitalization; (6) AF recurrence; (7) SR maintenance; (8) Stroke/TIA events; (9) Change in LVEF; (10) Change in LA; 11. Change in BNP; 12. Change in NT-proBNP; 13. Change in 6MWT; 14. Change in NYHA; 15. Change in peak VO2; 16. Change in MLHFQ.
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