Table 3 Properties of the fuel.
Properties | Diesel | Dunaliella salina bio-oil | Dunaliella salina biodiesel | DuSaBD20 | Instruments employed | ASTM methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (kg/m3) | 838 | 865 | 854 | 841 | Hydrometer | D4052 |
Flash point (°C) | 75 | 115 | 96 | 80 | FP-512-2 | D56 |
Energy content (MJ/kg) | 43.8 | 35.78 | 41.45 | 43.7 | Calorimeter MS3e4 | D2500 17a |
Fire point (oC) | 69 | 79 | 74 | 70 | New lab 1250 | D56 |
Pour point (oC) | -14 | -16 | -19 | -15 | New lab 1250 | D97-17b |
Cloud point (oC) | -20 | -18 | -16 | -19 | New lab 1250 | D2520 17a |
Aniline point (oC) | 71 to 125 | 118 | 107 | 87 | New lab 1250 | D97-17b |
Kinematic viscosity at 40° C (mm2/s) | 1.9–4.1 | 5.87 | 4.75 | 4.79 | Viscometer – Anton 250 N | D445-19 |
Specific gravity at 20 °C | 836 | 868 | 843 | 838 | Hydrometer | D 4052 |
Cetane number | 42 | 38 | 47 | 43 | Cetane analyser LOCT-B10 | D 613 |
API gravity (oC) | 32 | 36 | 34 | 33 | Hydrometer | D1298 |
Carbon residue | 3.21 | 1.89 | 1.25 | - | - | D4530 |
Free fatty acid (%) | 0 | 2.01 | - | - | - | - |
