Table 2 Dimensions of the health beliefs model.

Susceptibility

I’d consider HPV infection a serious health issue

I’d be scared of getting cancer if I had HPV

Severity

My life would drastically change if I had HPV

I’m highly susceptible to HPV infection

I’m at risk of HPV infection

Benefits

I can prevent HPV infection

I can prevent cancers like penile, oral, and anal cancers

HPV vaccination reduces cervical, anal, oral, and penile cancer risks

HPV vaccination lowers genital warts risk

Males need vaccination to prevent HPV transmission to partners

HPV vaccination reduces HPV infection risk

Barriers

I’m concerned about HPV vaccine safety

I’m concerned about HPV vaccine effectiveness

I cannot afford HPV vaccination

Self-efficacy

Males need vaccination to prevent cancer

Condom use does not eliminate need for HPV vaccination