Fig. 1

Step-selection model estimates. Main effects not estimating overlap are in yellow. Estimates of overlap are in purple. Fixed-effect coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (a) overlapping zero (gray dashed line) indicate no association with coyote selection, positive coefficients indicate selection for that characteristic, and negative coefficients indicate avoidance. Individual-level variances (b) illustrate the variation in selection responses among coyotes.