Table 1 Testing set error metrics for each model and each dataset (ME - mean error, RMSE - Root mean squared error, MAE - mean absolute error, MAPE - mean absolute percent Error).

From: Time series forecasting of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay

Metric

Lower Region

Middle Region

Upper Region

ARIMA

TBATS

LSTM

ARIMA

TBATS

LSTM

ARIMA

TBATS

LSTM

ME

0.043

0.028

-0.009

0.059

0.055

0.006

0.052

0.071

0.0496

RMSE

(mg/m3)

0.203

0.161

0.121

0.194

0.164

0.155

0.236

0.204

0.199

MAE

0.152

0.126

0.094

0.155

0.127

0.116

0.185

0.154

0.145

MAPE

17.708

14.678

11.504

15.9

13.052

12.906

16.903

13.856

14.75

  1. Significant values are in bold.