Table 1 Comparison of related methods.

From: Feature-guided multilayer encoding–decoding network for segmentation for 3D intraoral scan data

Method

Technical description

Limitations

PointNet13

First end-to-end point cloud segmentation network

Fails to consider local features and context

MeshSegNet12

Uses mesh cells to represent local structure

Low training/inference efficiency

PointMLP14

Residual MLP network for point clouds

Sensitive to point cloud density variations

MBESegNet15

Multi-scale bidirectional enhancement

Limited to 160 samples; works best on normal teeth

PointeNet16

Lightweight architecture

Poor coarse/fine feature fusion

Our method

Hierarchical feature-guided normalization

Weak generalization for long-tail data