Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants.

Age⁺

40 (32–48)

46 (40–55)

38 (30–44)

 < 0.0001

Sex^a

1.000

 Female

119 (72.6%)

46 (71.9%)

73 (73.0%)

 Male

45 (27.4%)

18 (28.1%)

27 (27.0%)

LTBI status

0.025

 Negative

50 (30.5%)

13 (20.3%)

37 (37.0%)

 Positive

114 (69.5%)

51 (79.7%)

63 (63.0%)

Education level*

0.843

 None / Primary

77 (47.0%)

30 (46.9%)

47 (47.0%)

 Secondary

57 (34.8%)

20 (31.3%)

37 (37.0%)

 Tertiary

15 (9.1%)

4 (6.3%)

11 (11.0%)

Occupation*

0.909

 Professional

6 (3.7%)

3 (4.7%)

3 (3.0%)

 Non-professional

119 (72.6%)

42 (65.6%)

77 (77.0%)

 None / student

24 (14.6%)

9 (14.1%)

15 (15.0%)

Marital status

0.471

 Cohabiting

31 (18.9%)

12 (18.8%)

19 (19.0%)

 Married

54 (32.9%)

22 (34.4%)

32 (32.7%)

 Separated / Divorced

33 (20.1%)

13 (20.6%)

20 (20.0%)

 Single

17 (10.4%)

3 (4.7%)

14 (14.0%)

 Widowed

14 (8.5%)

4 (6.3%)

10 (10.0%)

TB contact*

 < 0.001

 Don’t know

6 (3.7%)

6 (9.4%)

0 (0%)

 No

140 (85.4%)

48 (75.0%)

92 (92.0%)

 Yes

1 (0.6%)

1 (1.6%)

0 (0%)

BCG scar*

0.489

 No

9 (5.5%)

2 (3.1%)

7 (7.0%)

 Yes

140 (85.4%)

52 (81.3%)

88 (88.0%)

TB history*

0.048

 No

147 (89.6%)

52 (81.3%)

95 (95.0%)

 Yes

3 (1.8%)

3 (4.7%)

0 (0%)

DM family history*

0.003

 No

60 (36.6%)

31 (48.4%)

29 (29.0%)

 Yes

95 (57.9%)

26 (40.6%)

69 (69.0%)

Smoking*

0.151

 No

150 (91.5%)

54 (84.4%)

96 (96.0%)

 Yes

8 (4.9%)

5 (7.8%)

3 (3.0%)

Alcohol*

0.856

 No

113 (68.9%)

45 (67.2%)

70 (70.0%)

 Yes

45 (27.4%)

16 (25.0%)

29 (29.0%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*⁺

129.8 (118.8–145.6)

141.7 (124.3–154.2)

125.0 (116.8–140.3)

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)*⁺

84.0 (74.7–94.0)

89.7 (82.8–98.5)

79.7 (73.3–88.3)

 < 0.001

Weight (Kg)*⁺

66.2 (59.0–78.9)

70.0 (60.5–83.0)

66.0 (58.7–75.6)

0.312

Height (m)*⁺

1.6 (1.6–1.7)

1.6 (1.6–1.7)

1.6 (1.6–1.7)

0.670

BMI (Kg/m²)*⁺

26.0 (23.0–29.5)

27.0 (23.0–31.2)

25.7 (23.0–29.0)

0.251

Waist circumference (cm)*⁺

85.0 (77.0–96.0)

91.0 (75.7–98.8)

83.5 (77.0–91.3)

0.083

Hip circumference (cm)*⁺

100.0 (94.0–108.8)

100.0 (93.5–111.8)

100.0 (94.0–106.0)

0.757

WHR*⁺

0.8 (0.8–0.9)

0.9 (0.8–0.9)

0.8 (0.8–0.9)

0.001

FBS (mmol/L)⁺

5.9 (4.8–11.1)

13.4 (10.2–22.3)

5.0 (4.3–5.8)

 < 0.0001

HbA1c (%)⁺

5.0 (4.0–8.7)

9.6 (8.3–10.9)

4.0 (4.0–4.8)

 < 0.0001

C peptide (mmol/L)⁺

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

1.1 (0.6–1.45)

1.1 (0.7–1.9)

0.470

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)⁺

4.8 (4.1–5.8)

5.4 (4.5–6.0)

4.5 (4.0–5.4)

 < 0.001

HDL (mmol/L)⁺

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

1.2 (1.0–1.6)

1.3 (1.1–1.5)

0.123

LDL (mmol/L)⁺

2.9 (2.3–3.5)

3.3 (2.7–3.7)

2.6 (2.0–3.2)

 < 0.001

TCH-HDL ratio⁺

3.7 (3.0–4.4)

4.2 (3.2–5.7)

3.5 (2.9–4.1)

 < 0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)⁺

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

1.5 (1.0–2.1)

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

 < 0.001

Neutrophils (10³/µL)*⁺

2.6 (1.9–3.7)

2.80 (2.3–4.0)

2.4 (1.9–3.5)

0.033

Lymphocytes (10³/µL)*⁺

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

2.1 (1.7–2.5)

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

0.395

Monocytes (10³/µL)*⁺

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

0.665

Eosinophils (10³/µL)*⁺

0.1 (0.1–0.2)

0.1 (0.1–0.2)

0.1 (0.1–0.2)

0.799

Haemoglobin (g/dL)*⁺

14.0 (12.9–15.1)

14.4 (13.0–15.3)

13.9 (12.8–14.9)

0.407