Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients before and after propensity score matching.
Before Matching | After Matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | COVID-19 with HZ (n = 1,851) | COVID-19 without HZ (n = 859,427) | p value | Std diff | COVID-19 with HZ (n = 1,851) | COVID-19 without HZ (n = 1,851) | p value | Std diff |
Demographics | ||||||||
Age at Index, mean ± SD | 43.3 ± 1.8 | 43.2 ± 1.8 | < 0.05 | 0.05 | 43.2 ± 1.8 | 43.3 ± 1.8 | 0.78 | < 0.01 |
White (%) | 69.5% | 53.6% | < 0.01 | 0.166 | 69.5% | 69.8% | 0.81 | < 0.01 |
Female (%) | 64.3% | 56.6% | < 0.01 | 0.337 | 64.3% | 63.9% | 0.82 | < 0.01 |
Black or African American (%) | 10.1% | 14.3% | < 0.01 | 0.128 | 10.1% | 10.2% | 0.92 | < 0.01 |
Asian (%) | 5.7% | 4.2% | 0.01 | 0.074 | 5.7% | 5.4% | 0.68 | 0.01 |
Diagnosis (%) | ||||||||
Hypertensive diseases | 15.6% | 7.9% | < 0.01 | 0.24 | 15.6% | 15.6% | 0.97 | < 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 6.8% | 3.8% | < 0.01 | 0.13 | 6.8% | 6.7% | 0.90 | < 0.01 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 1.2% | 0.9% | 0.11 | 0.03 | 1.2% | 1.0% | 0.65 | 0.01 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.87 | < 0.01 |
Medication (%) | ||||||||
Blood glucose regulation agents | 7.3% | 4.0% | < 0.01 | 0.14 | 7.3% | 7.2% | 0.90 | < 0.01 |
Beta blockers | 6.7% | 3.3% | < 0.01 | 0.16 | 6.7% | 6.7% | 0.95 | < 0.01 |
Diuretics | 6.5% | 3.5% | < 0.01 | 0.14 | 6.5% | 6.3% | 0.85 | < 0.01 |
Anti-lipidemia agents | 6.1% | 3.3% | < 0.01 | 0.13 | 6.1% | 6.5% | 0.60 | 0.02 |
Calcium channel blockers | 4.4% | 2.4% | < 0.01 | 0.12 | 4.4% | 4.4% | 0.94 | < 0.01 |
ACE inhibitor | 4.4% | 2.4% | < 0.01 | 0.11 | 4.4% | 4.7% | 0.71 | 0.01 |
Angiotensin II inhibitors | 3.5% | 1.6% | < 0.01 | 0.12 | 3.5% | 3.8% | 0.62 | 0.02 |
Alpha blockers | 1.6% | 0.7% | < 0.01 | 0.08 | 1.6% | 1.5% | 0.70 | 0.01 |
Laboratory parameter (mean ± SD) | ||||||||
Sodium, mmol/L | 138.6 ± 2.7 | 138.6 ± 2.8 | 0.55 | 0.02 | 138.6 ± 2.7 | 138.6 ± 2.6 | 0.79 | 0.01 |
Potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.42 | 0.05 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 0.05 | 0.11 |
Iron, ug/dL | 64.6 ± 37.2 | 71.7 ± 47.4 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 64.6 ± 37.2 | 81.7 ± 73.6 | 0.06 | 0.29 |
Ferritin, ng/mL | 201.1 ± 363.6 | 204.5 ± 702.9 | 0.96 | 0.01 | 201.1 ± 363.6 | 152.0 ± 279.8 | 0.35 | 0.15 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 1.6 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.62 | 0.03 |
BUN, mg/dL | 14.2 ± 8.5 | 14.1 ± 8.3 | 0.95 | < 0.01 | 14.2 ± 8.5 | 14.2 ± 7.8 | 0.94 | < 0.01 |
Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 25.1 ± 3.0 | 25.3 ± 3.2 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 25.0 ± 3.0 | 25.4 ± 32 | 0.06 | 0.11 |
ALT, U/L | 27.7 ± 24.9 | 31.5 ± 76.4 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 27.7 ± 24.9 | 31.0 ± 34.5 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
AST, U/L | 25.7 ± 19.9 | 30.2 ± 84.0 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 25.7 ± 19.9 | 28.3 ± 34.5 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 81.8 ± 50.5 | 82.2 ± 59.0 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 81.8 ± 50.5 | 83.9 ± 56.1 | 0.54 | 0.04 |
Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.98 | < 0.01 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.79 | 0.02 |
Cholesterol, mg/dL | 188.8 ± 41.1 | 188.1 ± 42.3 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 188.8 ± 44.1 | 183.8 ± 44.3 | 0.19 | 0.11 |
LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | 110.2 ± 36.4 | 110.2 ± 34.9 | 1.00 | < 0.01 | 110.2 ± 36.4 | 105.4 ± 36.6 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 151.5 ± 131.1 | 149.6 ± 169.8 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 151.5 ± 131.1 | 165.1 ± 127.9 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 6.3 ± 1.8 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 6.3 ± 1.9 | 0.58 | 0.05 |
Intact PTH, pg/mL | 156.7 ± 195.9 | 136.8 ± 250.5 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 156.7 ± 195.9 | 196.8 ± 294.7 | 0.58 | 0.16 |
Calcidiol, ng/mL | 30.9 ± 16.9 | 30.7 ± 15.7 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 30.9 ± 16.9 | 31.1 ± 16.8 | 0.95 | 0.01 |
CRP, mg/L | 13.7 ± 32.3 | 23.1 ± 49.7 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 13.7 ± 32.3 | 19.4 ± 38.7 | 0.29 | 0.16 |
