Table 3 Changes in energy information (\(E_{I_{x}}\)) per unit (p. u.) of current signals for different conditions with varied source parameters: (a) for no fault condition (NF), (b) for single switch and upper lower switch fault condition, and (c) for double switch fault condition.

From: Dual graph attention network for robust fault diagnosis in photovoltaic inverters

(a) Energy information under no fault condition

PV parameters

No fault condition

E (Wm\(^{-2}\))

T (\(^\circ\)C)

\(E_{I_{A}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{B}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{C}} (p. u.)\)

250

25

7728285492

3963520171

3917527889

300

26

7728285103

3963520060

3917528426

350

27

7728284720

3963519951

3917528955

400

28

7728284343

3963519836

3917529475

450

29

7728283971

3963519721

3917529987

500

30

7728283600

3963519607

3917530501

550

31

7728283234

3963519504

3917531008

600

32

7728282874

3963519409

3917531510

650

33

7728282511

3963519314

3917532018

700

34

7728282149

3963519219

3917532523

750

35

7728281778

3963519084

3917533034

(b) Energy information under single switch and upper-lower switch faults

PV parameters

Single switch fault (S1)

Upper-lower switch fault (S5–S6)

\(E (Wm^{-2)}\)

T (\(^\circ\)C)

\(E_{I_{A}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{B}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{C}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{A}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{B}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{C}} (p. u.)\)

250

25

12921027281

2851920448

12002388872

7832508416

3842525350

3635566014

300

26

12921090754

2851871652

12002300818

7832648571

3842551393

3635438853

350

27

12921152643

2851824049

12002214944

7832789577

3842577375

3635310802

400

28

12921213157

2851777534

12002130994

7832931319

3842603320

3635181990

450

29

12921272697

2851731787

12002048402

7833073790

3842629230

3635052422

500

30

12921331781

2851686368

12001966428

7833217125

3842655081

3634921953

550

31

12921390248

2851641449

12001885322

7833361061

3842680924

3634790871

600

32

12921448223

2851596934

12001804913

7833505998

3842706685

3634658739

650

33

12921506157

2851552422

12001724538

7833651401

3842732465

3634526145

700

34

12921563761

2851508189

12001644636

7833797949

3842758140

3634392341

750

35

12921621088

2851464194

12001565129

7833944819

3842783863

3634258237

(c) Energy information under different double switch fault conditions

PV parameters

Same half bridge (S1–S5)

Different half bridge (S1–S4)

\(E (Wm^{-2)}\)

T (\(^\circ\)C)

\(E_{I_{A}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{B}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{C}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{A}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{B}} (p. u.)\)

\(E_{I_{C}} (p. u.)\)

250

25

12674587580

2835639636

11994516546

11654575528

2403974976

12528240609

300

26

12674649767

2835589993

11994429538

11654803008

2404004292

12528026805

350

27

12674710396

2835541575

11994344699

11655026130

2404032814

12527816986

400

28

12674769677

2835494261

11994261761

11655244283

2404060724

12527611852

450

29

12674828018

2835447717

11994180148

11655459200

2404088211

12527409732

500

30

12674885911

2835401512

11994099152

11655673707

2404115429

12527207893

550

31

12674943201

2835355815

11994019014

11655885966

2404142382

12527008180

600

32

12675000012

2835310525

11993939558

11656096499

2404169130

12526810098

650

33

12675056780

2835265243

11993860149

11656308284

2404195793

12526610721

700

34

12675113223

2835220246

11993781207

11656518843

2404222323

12526412509

750

35

12675169396

2835175490

11993702656

11656728380

2404248746

12526215269