Table 1 Summary of literatures on the design of geopolymer bricks.
From: Geopolymerization of fly ash and GGBS for sustainable industrial waste utilization
S.N. | Material used | Molarity (M) | Observation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fly ash, Stone dust, Cement | 4-16 M | The maximum compressive strength was achieved at 12 M NaOH at 100 °C, with NaOH-based geopolymers, and showing 1.25-1.35 times more strength than KOH-based geopolymers and negligible impact from freeze-thaw cycles. | Yadav and Jha50 |
2 | Fly ash, Water | 2-10 M | At 2 M of NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution, with 5% extra water, the compressive strength and water absorption was found to be 18 MPa and 16.49%, respectively. | Singh et al.51 |
3 | Red mud, Fly ash, GGBS, Silica fume | 2 M | Lower dissolution; suitable for moderate strength, lightweight applications | Sowmyashree et al.52 |
4 | Fly ash, Fine aggregate, Brick waste, GGBS | 4-8 M | Compressive strength of geo-polymer mortar increased with an increase in molarity of NaOH. | Pawar et al.53 |
5 | Fly ash, GGBS, Mortar, Brick waste | 4 M, 6 M, 8 M | Compressive strength of geopolymer increases with increasing GGBS content and with an increase in Fly ash content, the normal consistency decreases reflecting requirement of alkaline solution also decreased. | Shewale et al.54 |
6 | Ferrosilicon slag, aluminium slag | 8 M | Ferrosilicon slag and Aluminium slag based geoploymer brick save 5.7–14.9% of energy and decrease the CO2 emission by 0.47-7.67% as compared to conventional wall brick. | Tarek et al.55 |
7 | Ferrosilicon slag, Alumina waste | 6-12 M | Geo-polymer brick shows high compressive strength (after 28 days of curing and at 8 M NaOH) at SiO2/Al2O3 ratio = 1 in comparison to SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 4, 3, 2, 0.5. | Ahmed et al.56 |
8 | Waste soil | 4 M, 8 M, 12 M | Higher calcium hydroxide content had higher compressive strength and lower water absorption. 8 M of specimen at dry condition had higher compressive strength. | Madani et al.57 |
9 | Fly Ash, GGBS | 12 M | Highest compressive strength exhibited by the geo-polymer bricks with fly ash/GGBS ratio = 75/25. | Lavanya et al.58 |
10 | Fly ash, Iron ore tailing, Slag Sand, GGBS | 8 M, 10 M | Compressive strength of geopolymer bricks increases with the increasing NaOH and Na2SiO3. | Kumar et al.59 |
11 | Fly ash, GGBS, M-Sand | 8 - 18 M | NaOH solution of 13 M yielded maximum compressive strength and least water absorption capacity. | Ganesh et al.60 |
12 | Waste Brick, Clay, sand, GGBS | 8 M | Waste brick-based geo-polymer bricks show significant improvement in compressive strength with the same production cost as fired bricks. | Youssef et al.61 |
13 | Fly ash, river sand, M-sand and quarry dust | 5 M, 11 M | Fly ash based geo-polymer brick shows the highest compressive strength and low water absorption in comparison to the cement brick and burnt clay brick. | Balakrishnan et al.62 |
14 | GGBFS, waste brick | 6-14 M | Compressive strength value of 89.91 MPa was obtained at GGBFS/WB ratio = 80/20 and silicate to hydroxide ratio = 2 with molarity of NaOH = 8 M. | Youssef et al.63 |
15 | F-fly ash, slag, Metakaolin, quarry dust | 16 M | High compressive strength of geo-polymer bricks was observed at 15% metakaolin. | Pavithra et al.64 |
16 | Fly Ash, Lime, Gypsum, M-Sand, PET fibre, quarry dust, OPC | 13 M | Geopolymer brick shows good compressive strength (at mix proportion of Fly ash 60%, lime 12%, M-sand 30%) in comparison to PET bricks (at mix proportion of 60% fly ash, 8% OPC, 1% PET fibres, 32% quarry dust). | Onkar and Hake65 |
17 | Fly ash, Cement, Silica fumes | 2 M | Compressive strength and flexure strength of bricks increases with increasing cement content up to certain limit then decreases. | Kejkar et al.66 |
18 | FA, GGBS, Aggregate | 5 M | Geo-polymer bricks using 35% GGBS and 65% FA show higher compressive strength. | Banupriya et al.67 |
19 | Fly ash, river sand, silica sand | 12 M | With increasing NaSi2O3, the weight of geopolymer brick is reduced and it is highly resistant to sulphuric acid. | Subramani & Sakthivel68 |
20 | Fly ash, Rice Husk Ash | 10 M | Higher percentage of rice husk ash (RHA) replacement w.r.t. fly ash reflects lesser compressive strength and bulk density; whereas water absorption increased. | Hwang and Huynh69 |
21 | Fly ash, Calcine Kaolin, GGBS | 8 M | Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.3 will produce maximum compressive strength of kaolin-based geo-polymer brick. | Faheem et al.70 |
22 | Class C Fly ash, | 12 M | Longer curing time improves the geo-polymerisation process resulting in higher compressive strength. | Mastura et al.71 |
23 | Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), Copper slag, GBFS | Optimum residual strength at 33% RCA+40%CS + 40% GGBFS | Sahu et al.72 |
