Table 4 Comparison of R² scores for compressive strength predictions.

From: Optimization and predictive performance of fly ash-based sustainable concrete using integrated multitask deep learning framework with interpretable machine learning techniques

Model

Training Set R²

Validation Set R²

Test Set R²

Proposed Model

0.92

0.90

0.91

Method3

0.85

0.83

0.84

Method8

0.87

0.85

0.86

Method15

0.89

0.87

0.88