Table 1 Serum biomarkers in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients in comparison with the healthy controls (HC).

From: In transfusion-dependent thalassemia, neuronal damage biomarkers are associated with affective and chronic fatigue symptoms

Variables

HC

n = 41

TDT patients

n = 126

F (df = 1/162)

p

R2

C-reactive protein mg/l

4.00 ± 2.03

16.13 ± 13.31

65.66

< 0.001

0.288

Albumin g/dl

4.368 ± 0.699

4.274 ± 0.697

0.68

0.411

0.004

Magnesium mM

1.269 ± 0.295

1.058 ± 0.253

19.05

< 0.001

0.105

Calcium mM

2.484 ± 0.218

2.218 ± 0.221

46.29

< 0.001

0.222

Copper mg/l

0.974 ± 0.162

1.329 ± 0.500

19.28

< 0.001

0.106

Zinc mg/l

0.761 ± 0.184

0.641 ± 0.192

14.14

< 0.001

0.080

IL-6 pg/ml

4.768 ± 3.483

7.554 ± 4.768

11.90

0.001

0.068

IL-10 pg/ml

7.083 ± 2.929

16.154 ± 11.582

33.47

< 0.001

0.171

Neuron-specific enolase ng/ml

0.787 ± 0.563

1.291 ± 1.442

7.25

0.008

0.043

GFAP pg/ml

2.972 ± 2.348

4.451 ± 4.789

5.51

0.020

0.033

NFL ng/ml

1.307 ± 1.243

2.980 ± 2.246

31.97

< 0.001

0.165

Nestin ng/ml

34.126 ± 17.051

42.167 ± 30.873

1.44

0.232

0.009

Comp_IRS (z score)

-0.983 ± 0.629

0.320 ± 0.884

75.60

< 0.001

0.318

PC_neuronal (z score)

-0.399 ± 0.696

0.130 ± 1.051

8.79

0.003

0.051

  1. Results are shown as mean (SD) or as ratios. F: results of GLM analysis with age, sex, and body mass index as covariates; R2: effect size; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein, NFL: neurofilament light chain, IL: interleukin, and PC: principal component; Comp: composite score, IRS: immune-inflammatory responses system.
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