Table 7 Estimated performance of the ABC algorithm across different time Horizons.

From: Optimal energy management of distributed generation resources in a microgrid under various load and solar irradiance conditions using the artificial bee colony algorithm

Time Horizon

Computational Time (s)

Operational Cost ($)

LPSP (%)

Key Characteristics

Hourly

10–20 (per hour)

266–363 (daily equivalent)

1.2–1.8

High granularity, precise control, high computational demand for real-time use.

Daily

84–125 (per 24 h)

266.14–363.21

1.23–1.76

Balanced efficiency and accuracy, suitable for near-real-time applications.

Weekly

600–1000 (per 168 h)

1800–2500 (weekly estimate)

1.8–2.5

Strategic planning, increased uncertainty, higher computational time.

  1. Note: Hourly and weekly metrics are estimated based on daily scheduling results (Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5) and typical algorithm scaling behavior. Operational costs for weekly scheduling are scaled proportionally from daily results, with an adjustment for increased uncertainty.
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