Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies.
Research included | Country | No. Patients | Intervention(s) | Age (year) | Duration | Antioxidants | Exercise modalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aguiar 201319 | Brazil | 18 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 65 ± 6 64 ± 4 | 12 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Always 201720 | USA | 30 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 67.9 ± 1.1 68.1 ± 1.1 | 12 weeks | Resveratrol | Aerobic and resistance exercise |
Amstrup 201521 | Denmark | 72 | Control Antioxidant | 62.9 ± 4.7 62.4 ± 3.5 | 12 months | Melatonin | – |
Benedetto 201822 | Italy | 90 | Control Antioxidant | 73 ± 7 73 ± 7 | 8 weeks | QTer®+ Creatine | – |
Bermon 199823 | France | 32 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 69.3 ± 0.5 69.3 ± 0.4 71.8 ± 1.7 71.0 ± 1.9 | 8 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Bjørnsen 201624 | Norway | 34 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 67 ± 5 69 ± 7 | 12 weeks | Vitamin C + vitamin E | Resistance training |
Bobeuf 201125 | Canada | 57 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 66.3 ± 3.7 67.0 ± 3.7 64.8 ± 3.8 64.3 ± 3.8 | 6 months | Vitamin C + vitamin E | Resistance training |
Brose 200326 | Canada | 28 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 69.6 ± 5.28 69.1 ± 4.46 | 14 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Candow 200827 | Canada | 25 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 64.1 ± 3.1 65.5 ± 2.7 | 10 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Chrusch 200128 | Canada | 30 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 71.1 ± 1.8 70.4 ± 1.6 | 12 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Collins 201629 | Brazil | 16 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 69 ± 4 70 ± 5 | 14 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Cooke 201430 | Australia | 20 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 60.7 ± 5.4 61.4 ± 5.0 | 12 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Córdova-Martínez 202231 | Spain | 44 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | Range>60 | 6 weeks | Nitrate | Balance and aerobic endurance exercise |
Eijnde 200332 | Belgium | 46 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 62.2 ± 1.3 63.9 ± 1.1 | 6 months | Creatine | Endurance and resistance exercise |
Gliemann 201333 | Denmark | 27 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 65 ± 1 65 ± 1 | 8 weeks | Trans-resveratrol | Unspecified |
Gotshalk 200234 | USA | 18 | Control Antioxidant | 65.7 ± 2.0 65.4 ± 1.5 | 7 days | Creatine | – |
Gualano 201435 | Brazil | 60 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 66.3 ± 6.0 63.6 ± 3.6 66.1 ± 4.8 67.1 ± 5.6 | 24 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Harper 201836 | USA | 40 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 73.3 ± 7.8 72 ± 5.1 | 12 weeks | Resveratrol | Aerobic, resistance, flexibility and balance training |
Kim 201337 | Japan | 116 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 80.2 ± 5.6 79.6 ± 4.2 80.0 ± 4.0 81.1 ± 3.7 | 3 months | Catechin | Comprehensive training |
Kinoshita 202138 | Japan | 73 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 71.0 ± 5.4 71.3 ± 5.1 | 16 weeks | Licorice flavonoid oil | Aerobic and resistance exercise |
Kuhlman 201939 | Denmark | 35 | Control Antioxidant | 64 ± 2 62 ± 1 | 8 weeks | Coenzyme Q10 | – |
Kumar 202340 | USA | 24 | Control Antioxidant | 70.8 ± 3.9 71.4 ± 4.2 | 16 weeks | Glycine + N-acetylcysteine | – |
Labonté 200841 | Canada | 61 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 66.9 ± 4.1 66.3 ± 3.4 64.9 ± 3.8 64.5 ± 3.8 | 6 months | Vitamin C + vitamin E | Resistance training |
Liu 201842 | USA | 42 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 72.1 ± 1.3 69.2 ± 0.7 | 4 months | Astaxanthin + tocotrienol + zinc | Aerobic exercise |
Mafi 201943 | Iran | 62 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 68 ± 3.04 69 ± 2.44 68.60 ± 3.13 69 ± 3.08 | 8 weeks | Epicatechin | Resistance training |
Mankowski 202344 | USA | 17 | Control Antioxidant | 76.2 ± 5.6 79.4 ± 10.1 | 12 weeks | Curcumin C3 Complex® | – |
McDermott 201745 | USA | 41 | Control Antioxidant | 74.1 ± 6.1 73.6 ± 6.6 | 6 months | Resveratrol | – |
McDermott 202046 | USA | 36 | Control Antioxidant | 73 ± 7 71 ± 7 | 6 months | Cocoa + epicatechin | – |
Munguia 2019 (1)47 | Mexico | 40 | Control Antioxidant | 63 ± 3.3 63.6 ± 2.4 | 12 weeks | Flavonoids | – |
Munguia 2019 (2)47 | Mexico | 61 | Control Antioxidant | 75.6 ± 6.2 76.1 ± 5.4 | 8 weeks | Flavonoids | – |
Nalbant 200948 | Turkey | 43 | Control Control + Ex Antioxidant Antioxidant + Ex | 71 ± 9.1 73.1 ± 4.5 69.6 ± 8.6 72.8 ± 7.1 | 6 months | Vitamin E | Aerobic exercise |
Pinto 201649 | Brazil | 27 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 67.1 ± 6.3 67.4 ± 4.7 | 12 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Rawson 199950 | USA | 20 | Control Antioxidant | 66.9 ± 2.2 66.7 ± 1.9 | 30 days | Creatine | – |
Roschel 202151 | Brazil | 44 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | range ≥ 65 | 16 weeks | Creatine | Resistance training |
Søndergård 202152 | Denmark | 20 | Control Antioxidant | 59 ± 2 61 ± 1 | 3 weeks | Glutathione | – |
Tokuda 202153 | Japan | 52 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 70.6 ± 4.7 70.0 ± 3.7 | 24 weeks | Tea catechin | Resistance training |
Tokuda 202354 | Japan | 31 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | range ≥ 65 | 24 weeks | Tea catechins | Resistance training |
Veronese 201455 | Italy | 124 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 71.8 ± 5.0 71.3 ± 5.4 | 12 weeks | Magnesium oxide | Unspecified |
Woessner 201856 | Australia | 24 | Control + Ex Antioxidant + Ex | 71.5 ± 7.3 67.5 ± 8.6 | 12 weeks | Nitrate | Aerobic exercise |
Zamani 201757 | USA | 14 | Control Antioxidant | 66.5 ± 9.26 61 ± 6.67 | 6 months | Isosorbide dinitrate | – |
