Table 4 Standard deviation of PV power costs across different alliances (Yuan/kWh).

From: Research on the cooperation stability and operation strategies of heterogeneous energy alliances based on multi-scale cost equilibrium

Time period

PV power cost allocation across different alliances

Average value

Standard deviation

PV power cost allocation across different alliances

Alliance 1

Alliance 2

Alliance 3

Alliance 5

Alliance 1

Alliance 2

Alliance 3

Alliance 5

Low valley

7

5.467

7.757

7.474

7.840

7.134

0.972

1.667

0.623

0.34

0.706

8

7.654

10.860

10.464

10.976

9.988

1.361

2.334

0.872

0.476

0.988

Flat

9

15.422

21.628

21.398

22.029

20.119

2.721

4.697

1.509

1.279

1.91

10

18.463

25.892

25.617

26.373

24.086

3.258

5.623

1.806

1.531

2.287

Peak

11

38.331

55.513

54.266

56.665

51.194

7.474

12.863

4.319

3.072

5.471

Height

12

27.990

40.537

39.626

41.378

37.383

5.458

9.393

3.154

2.243

3.995

Flat

13

17.703

24.826

24.562

25.287

23.094

3.124

5.391

1.732

1.468

2.193

14

15.422

21.628

21.398

22.029

20.119

2.721

4.697

1.509

1.279

1.91

Height

15

15.357

22.241

21.741

22.702

20.510

2.995

5.153

1.731

1.231

2.192

16

8.017

11.610

11.349

11.851

10.707

1.563

2.69

0.903

0.642

1.144

Peak

17

4.623

6.695

6.545

6.834

6.174

0.901

1.551

0.521

0.371

0.66

Height

18

14.228

20.605

20.142

21.033

19.002

2.774

4.774

1.603

1.14

2.031

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