Table 2 Surgical outcomes: nonuse group versus use group.
Variable | Teaching period | Learning period | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N = 323 | Non-used n = 71 | Used n = 252 | P value | Total N = 58 | Non-used n = 27 | Used n = 31 | P value | |
Operative time (min) | 145.28 ± 30.69 | 152.83 ± 37.92 | 143.15 ± 28.05 | 0.019 | 149.22 ± 36.42 | 159.63 ± 42.33 | 140.16 ± 28.00 | 0.041 |
Intraoperative bleeding (mL) | 55.65 ± 48.45 | 70.70 ± 63.19 | 51.41 ± 42.60 | 0.017 | 64.05 ± 36.17 | 74.44 ± 44.18 | 55.00 ± 24.73 | 0.049 |
Postoperative hospital stay (day) | 3.46 ± 0.88 | 3.70 ± 1.07 | 3.39 ± 0.81 | 0.008 | 6.07 ± 1.46 | 6.48 ± 1.42 | 5.71 ± 1.42 | 0.058 |
Chest tube duration (day) | 2.54 ± 0.80 | 2.77 ± 0.91 | 2.48 ± 0.75 | 0.005 | 4.28 ± 1.09 | 4.63 ± 0.84 | 3.97 ± 1.20 | 0.017 |
Postoperative drainage (mL) | 193.13 ± 57.09 | 199.37 ± 71.53 | 191.37 ± 52.35 | 0.298 | 207.67 ± 58.75 | 225.93 ± 66.81 | 191.77 ± 46.14 | 0.030 |
Air leakage (no/yes) | 260/63 | 51/20 | 209/43 | 0.037 | 48/10 | 20/7 | 28/3 | 0.016 |
Postoperative PE | 319/4 | 68/3 | 251/1 | 0.035 | 56/2 | 26/1 | 31/0 | - |